行人过街设施节能减排效果评价研究及应用

随着环境质量的恶化与资源的耗竭,对城市规划中交通基础设施节能减排效果的评价愈显重要。文章提出了一套行人过街设施节能减排效果评价方法。该方法以能源的消耗量与污染物的排放量为评价指标,建立了行人过街设施节能减排效果评价模型。通过将微观仿真技术(PARAMICS)与机动车综合排放模型(CMEM)结合,构建了微观交通尾气模拟分析平台,获取了动态的污染物排放量与燃油消耗量,实现了节能减排效益的定量预评估。最后,以广州一处人行天桥修建为例进行节能减排效果评价,发现人行天桥的修建将会使天桥附近路段尾气排放综合降低82.6%、油耗降低80%,一年减少经济损失约90万元;将研究结果与天桥建成前后实测数据对比,所得结果趋势一致,这表明文章提出的方法是合理的、有效的。     

北京市典型交通环境空气甲醛污染特征研究

对北京市交通微环境(轿车内)、西三环和增光路等典型道路交通环境以及紫竹院公园非交通环境空气甲醛浓度进行监测分析,解析交通环境空气甲醛污染特征。结果显示:对于交通微环境存在早晚甲醛浓度暴露峰值。典型道路交通环境甲醛浓度明显高于非交通环境甲醛浓度,西三环中路测试甲醛平均浓度为对应时段紫竹院公园环境甲醛浓度的1.7倍。甲醛浓度与道路交通流量有着明显的正相关,不同类型道路甲醛时间分布规律与车流量的时间分布规律一致,呈现早晚峰值。     

南京城市夜间景观照明的城市生态学分析

选取了南京市4个典型的功能区,根据实地观测与文献资料分析及问卷调查相结合的方法,分析了各个区域景观照明的亮度、美观程度、存在的不利影响和突出问题等.并计算出南京市民对4个区域景观照明的亮度满意度、美观满意度和综合满意度得分,结合区域的功能和特点对其各项得分进行解析.最后针对实地踏看和数据分析所发现的区域景观照明在能源分...     

基于可持续发展理念下公路建设中的环境保护

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策,交通建设尤其是公路建设项目的环境问题是环境保护工作的重要组成部分。做好公路建设中环境保护工作,是实现公路建设与经济、社会及环境的协调发展的必由之路。本文就道路交通建设中的环境保护与环境监测工作做以论述,并就公路环境保护工作提出展望,以期早日实现基于可持续发展理念下的现代绿色环保交通。     

城市生态恢复规划的国外优秀案例借鉴

通过美国金郡的湿地恢复经验、普吉特海湾的雨水管理系统以及加拿大汤姆逊公园废弃地恢复规划案例借鉴国外城市生态恢复规划的重点环境生态策略、措施与后续维护方法、管理等,以国外经验启示我国生态恢复工作中应关注的重点.     

在噪声治理中二次隔振的应用实例

在噪声治理工程中应用二次隔振降低固体传声,可以起到较理想的隔振效果。二次隔振系统固有频率低,可以隔绝低频振动。对制冷系统的压缩机组进行二次隔振,取得了满意的隔振效果。     

FloodProBE: technologies for improved safety of the built environment in relation to flood events

The FloodProBE project started as a FP7 research project in November 2009.Floods, together with wind related storms, are considered the major natural hazard in the EU in terms of risk to people and assets. In order to adapt urban areas (in river and coastal zones) to prevent flooding or to be better prepared for floods, decision makers need to determine how to upgrade flood defences and increasing flood resilience of protected buildings and critical infrastructure (power supplies, communications, water, transport, etc.) and assess the expected risk reduction from these measures.The aim of the FloodProBE-project is to improve knowledge on flood resilience and flood protection performance for balancing investments in flood risk management in urban areas. To this end, technologies, methods and tools for assessment purposes and for the adaptation of new and existing buildings and critical infrastructure are developed, tested and disseminated.Three priority areas are addressed by FloodProBE. These are: (i) vulnerability of critical infrastructure and high-density value assets including direct and indirect damage, (ii) the assessment and reliability of urban flood defences including the use of geophysical methods and remote sensing techniques and (iii) concepts and technologies for upgrading weak links in flood defences as well as construction technologies for flood proofing buildings and infrastructure networks to increase the flood resilience of the urban system.The primary impact of FloodProBE in advancing knowledge in these areas is an increase in the cost-effectiveness (i.e. performance) of new and existing flood protection structures and flood resilience measures.     

New policies to deal with climate change and other drivers impacting on resilience to flooding in urban areas: the CORFU approach

In the context of urban flood management, resilience is equal to resisting, recovering, reflecting and responding. The variety of causes of flooding and their consequences underpin the need for increased and internationally coordinated efforts to enhance technologies and policies for dealing with floods. This paper addresses this issue and presents some novel research ideas related to resilience to flooding in urban areas, which are under development within the EU FP7 project ‘Collaborative research on flood resilience in urban areas’ (CORFU). The approach adopted in this project aims to quantify the cost-effectiveness of resilience measures and integrative and adaptable flood management plans for different scenarios of relevant drivers: urban development, socio-economic trends and climate changes. It is believed that the way in which the different models are being put together, combined with the variability of conditions in case study areas in Asia and in Europe, will ultimately enable more scientifically sound policies for the management of the consequences of urban flooding.     

锯齿形翅片对喷管流动及噪声特性的影响分析

喷注噪声理论表明,改变喷口形状会使喷注噪声发生改变.针对发动机排气系统,设计了锥型啧管及锯齿形出口的锥形喷管,建立相应的喷注射流模型,利用数值手段对2种喷管进行啧注流场分析和噪声预测,研究锯齿形翅片对流动和噪声特性带来的影响.     

某型飞机进气道在噪声环境中的振动疲劳分析

某型飞机进气道常出现蒙皮裂纹、铆钉松动及掉铆钉头等故障,给飞行安全带来隐患.研究发现,此类故障是进气道在强噪声环境下,噪声脉动压力引起的结构振动疲劳损伤.应用阻尼层可降低强噪声对进气道蒙皮和铆钉的破坏.发动机地面试验结果表明,进气道阻尼层的应用显著降低了蒙皮壁板的振动量级.