吹脱捕集GC/FID法测定海河水中挥发性有机物

采用吹脱捕集GC/FID法对海河干流水中挥发性有机物进行定性、定量分析。共检测出 39种挥发性有机物 ,不同化合物的回收率为 84 2 %～ 143 2 % ,相对偏差为 1 5 %～ 9 6 %。当水样体积为 2 5mL时 ,方法检测限为 0 0 0 1μg/L～ 0 4μg/L。     

Volatile organic compound emissions from wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan: legal regulations and costs of control

This study assessed volatile organic compound (VOC) emission characteristics from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in five Taiwanese industrial districts engaged in numerous manufacturing processes, including petrochemical, science-based industry (primarily semiconductors, photo-electronics, electronic products and biological technology), as well as multiple manufacturing processes (primarily pharmaceuticals and paint manufacturing). The most aqueous hydrocarbons dissolved in the wastewater of Taiwanese WWTPs were acetone, acrylonitrile, methylene chloride, and chloroform for the petrochemical districts; acetone, chloroform, and toluene for the science-based districts; and chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons for the multiple industrial districts. The aqueous pollutants in the united WWTPs were closely related to the characteristics of the manufacturing plants in the districts. To effectively prevent VOC emissions from the primary treatment section of petrochemical WWTPs, the updated regulations governing VOC emissions were issued by the Taiwanese Environmental Protection Administration in September 2005, legally mandating a seal cover system incorporating venting and air purification equipment. Cost analysis indicates that incinerators with regenerative heat recovery are optimal for treating high VOC concentrations, exceeding 10,000ppm as CH(4), from the oil separation basins. However, the emission concentrations, ranging from 100 to 1000ppm as CH(4) from the other primary treatment facilities and bio-treatment stages, should be collected and then injected into the biological oxidation basins via existing or new blowers. The additional capital and operating costs required to treat the VOC emissions of 1000ppm as CH(4) from primary treatment facilities are less than US$0.1 for perm(3) wastewater treatment capacity.     

对固体废物中挥发性有机物浸出方法的几点实验探讨

采用零顶空提取器,对陈旧油墨渣和蒽琨渣样品中的挥发性有机物进行了浸出实验和分析测定,浸出液采用静态顶空分流进样、GC/MS法分析。对影响挥发性有机物浸出效率的因素进行了研究,结果表明,浸提剂加入方式、浸出时间和浸出液收集方法等对分析结果准确度有较大影响。     

便携式GC-MS在应急监测中的应用

建立了便携式GC-MS测定空气和水体中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法,能快速、有效地对空气中37种和水体中54种挥发性有机物进行现场定性和定量。具有相关性好、检出限低、精密度好、准确度高的特点,适用于空气和水体中挥发性有机物的应急监测工作。     

石家庄大气中优先控制挥发性有机物筛选

综合考虑国内外优先控制污染物筛选的方法,结合实际调查情况,制定了石家庄市大气中优先控制挥发性有机物筛选的原则。对检出率高、贡献率高,可能对人体健康存在潜在危害性的挥发性有机物作筛选,提出了包含20种化合物的优先控制名单,其中卤代烃7种,芳香烃5种,酯类3种,酮类2种,烯烃、醛类和硫化物各1种。从化合物的用途和应用领域分析,医药化工行业可能是石家庄市区大气中挥发性有机物的主要排放源。     

石化装置停工放空的VOCs排放估算参数要求探讨

石化装置开停工及检维修过程中的泄压吹扫放空是石化企业VOCs的重要排放源项之一。分析了我国石化企业对停工及检维修的现行操作规范与《石化行业VOCs污染源排查工作指南》中对该源项核算方法参数要求的不符之处,并参照美国炼油厂有毒有害空气污染物国家排放标准的相关规定,提出了监测和操作方面的改进建议。     

大气VOCs快速测定及其在环境空气污染应急溯源中的初步应用

突发性大气环境污染事件处于高发期,针对环境应急监测时效性强的特点,用便携式GC-MS快速测定大气中23种VOCs,探讨大气中VOCs测定在环境空气污染应急溯源中的应用。该方法在20.0μg/m3~3 200μg/m3范围内线性良好,按采样1 L计算,方法检出限为2.6μg/m3~9.4μg/m3,加标回收率为91.3%~103%,测定结果的RSD≤10.5%。将该方法用于突发性环境污染应急事件大气中VOCs的快速测定,通过对照企业特征污染物名录,能快速锁定污染源头。     

石化行业VOCs泄漏检测与修复技术的发展现状与展望

针对石化行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染现状,总结了近年来我国国家层面和地方颁布的有关VOCs管控的法律法规及相关标准。通过调研石化行业现阶段VOCs控制的实际情况,总结了目前主要的控制技术,以及适合我国企业VOCs排放源的监测技术。在综合分析的基础上,提出了大力推进清洁生产、全面推行泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)计划、加强有组织工艺废气治理、严格控制储存与装卸损失、强化污水系统逸散废气治理、加强非正常工况污染控制等建议。     

国家环境标准中挥发性有机物分析方法的研究进展

综述了我国不同介质中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的环境监测方法标准,介绍了样品采集和前处理、分析方法、质量保证与质量控制等技术内容,以及VOCs监测技术的研究进展。分析了国内VOCs监管控制的现状和重点需求,并在此基础上提出了健全VOCs环境标准体系、完善分类监管的优先控制物种清单、尽快实现VOCs监测工作的常态化、推广应用先进的VOCs监测技术等建议。