苯基周位酸生产废水处理试验研究

采用CHA－111大孔吸附树脂对苯基周位酸生产过程排放的汽提苯胺盐析废水和苯基周位酸酸析母液进行处理试验,效果良好。汽提苯胺盐析废水苯胺质量浓度＞1600mg／L,经树脂吸附处理后苯胺质量浓度＜2mg／L,苯胺去除率＞99．9％,COD去除率＞97％,树脂工作吸附量达120g／L,脱附率＞98％;苯基周位酸酸析母液经树脂吸附、混凝沉淀处理后,苯基周位酸质量浓度＜190mg／L,苯基周位酸去除率为94．8％,COD去除率为94．3％,氨基值去除率为80％,脱附率＞99％。     

耐低温菌JH-9降解苯胺的动力学研究

研究耐低温菌JH-9在低温(10 ℃)条件下对不同初始ρ(苯胺)的生物降解情况,并采用反应动力学方程(Monod方程和Haldane方程)拟合其降解过程. 结果表明,菌株JH-9在低温下可降解苯胺,当菌体初始质量浓度一定时,苯胺降解率及平均降解速率主要与初始ρ(苯胺)有关. 初始ρ(苯胺)较低时(<550　mg/L),其在120 h内可完全降解,且平均降解速率随着初始ρ(苯胺)的增加而升高,菌体降解过程中没有出现苯胺毒性抑制作用,遵循Monod方程;当初始ρ(苯胺)较高时(>550　mg/L),苯胺降解率及降解速率均有所下降,由于初始ρ(苯胺)过高对菌体产生了抑制作用,其降解过程以基质抑制型的Haldane方程为主.      

反相HPLC-电化学检测测定苯酚和苯胺

在此采用反相HPLC安培检测研究了影响苯酚和苯胺分离的各因素,建立了同时分离测定这两种组分的色谱条件。在ShimpackCLCC8柱上,以0.05molLNaH2PO4+0.05mmolLEDTA·2Na(pH5.5)+10%CH3OH作流动相,于E+0.1V处检测,线性范围在0～15μgmL,检测限在ngmL级。     

Competitive and cooperative adsorption behaviors of phenol and aniline onto nonpolar macroreticular adsorbents

The adsorption behaviors of phenol and aniline on nonpolar macroreticular adsorbents(NDA100 and Amberlite XAD4) were investigated in single or binary batch system at 293K and 313K respectively in this study. The results indicated that the adsorption isotherms of phenol and aniline on both adsorbents in both systems fitted well Langmuir equation, which indicated a favourable and exothermic process. At the lower equilibrium concentrations, the individual amount adsorbed of phenol or aniline on macroreticular adsorbents in single-component systems was higher than those in binary-component systems because of the competition between phenol and aniline towards the adsorption sites. It is noteworthy, on the contrast, that at higher concentrations, the total uptake amounts of phenol and aniline in binary-component systems were obviously larger than that in single-component systems, and a large excess was noted on the adsorbent surface at saturation, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect primarily arisen from the hydrogen bonding or weak acidbase interaction between phenol and aniline.     

Chemical behavior of organic compounds in the interface of water/dual-cation organobentonite

The sorption behavior of polar of ionizable organic compounds,such as p-nitrophenol,phenol and aniline,in the water/organobentonite systems is investigated.Both adsorption and partition occur to the sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites.The separate contributions of adsorption and partition to the total sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites are analyzed mathematically in the first time.The factors to the contributions are also discussed.The results indicated that the contribution of adsorption and partition is related to the composition and ratio of dual-cation surfactants exchanging onto the bentonite.The sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonite is dominated by adsorption at low concentrations and by partition at high concentrations,making the organobentonites powerful sorbents for organic contaminants over wide range of concentrations.     

溴氰菊酯对大鼠肝微粒体酶的影响

本实验研究了溴氰菊酯对雄性大鼠肝微粒体苯胺羟化酶活力和细胞色素P-450含量的影响。结果发现溴氰菊酯在动物体内能降低苯胺羟化酶活力(23.80％)和细胞色素P-450含量(21.18％)。该效应与微粒体脂质过氧化反应无关,亦与肝细胞破坏或内质网膜通透性的改变无关。溴氰菊酯本身对肝微粒体酶并不呈现抑制作用,当用肝微粒体酶诱导剂苯巴比妥诱导肝微粒体酶后,溴氰菊酯降低微粒体酶活性的效应消失。这表明溴氰菊酯降低肝微粒体酶的作用可能与其干扰肝微粒体酶蛋白的合成有关。     

苯胺降解菌的分离和特性研究

从活性污泥中分离到一株细菌ＡＮ３，能以苯胺为唯一碳源、氮源和能源生长．经鉴定为食酸丛毛胞菌（Ｃｏｍａｍｏｎａｓａｃｉｄｏｖｏｒａｎｓ）．该菌株可以在高达５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上的苯胺中生长．当苯胺浓度为２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右时，经３天培养即可全部被降解．该菌株还可以利用乙酰苯胺，但不能利用其他取代类苯胺化合物．ＡＮ３菌的生长和降解苯胺的最适温度为３０℃和ｐＨ为７０．９种金属离子对该菌的生长和苯胺的降解均有不同程度抑制作用，尤以Ａｇ＋和Ｈｇ２＋为明显．该菌与苯胺降解代谢有关酶类的测定结果表明，该菌含有的邻苯二酚－２，３加双氧酶是诱导酶．     

ZnO催化剂对苯胺光降解的研究

以太阳光，氙灯为光源，ＺｎＯ为光催化剂，对苯胺光降解行为进行研究，考察了溶液的初始浓度催化剂量，溶液ｐＨ值对苯胺光降解速率的影响。实验结果证实苯胺光降解符合准 级动力学规律，氧不足的条件下苯胺降妥的速率减慢。     

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究

斜生栅藻降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯胺的动力学研究阎海雷志芳叶常明（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京１０００８５）关键词斜生栅藻；邻苯二甲酸二甲酯；苯胺；降解动力学邻苯二甲酸酯类是广泛使用的人工合成有机物，主要作为塑料和橡胶等化工产品的增塑剂，我国和...     

膜生物反应器高度净化有机物的特性

分别采用膜生物反应器(MBR)和普通生物反应器(CSTR)对苯胺废水进行处理，结果表明MBR处理效果优于CSTR，处理水苯胺浓度接近动力学极限浓度。测定了两种反应器中微生物的最大比基质利用速率qmax分别为2．084d^-1和1．650d^-1，亲和常数Ks值分别为0．237mg／L和0．309mg／L。间歇试验证明MBR能富集培养基质亲和性高的专一性微生物。这类微生物降解速率不随基质浓度而变化，且能更彻底地降解有机物，适用于微量有机物的高度净化。