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气相色谱法是环境监测中的常用技术类型,其能协助相关部门快捷、精确地了解环境被污染现状,有针对性地拟定治理方案。本文在阐述气相色谱法技术原理的基础上,分条列举该技术用于环境保护与监测领域中的优劣势,较详细地探究其具体实践应用,以期对技术完善与推广有一定促进作用。 相似文献
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WANG Zhi-gang LIU Wen-qing ZHAO Nan-jing LI Hong-bin ZHANG Yu-jun SI-MA Wei-cang LIU Jian-guo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(7):787-791
Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis (CODCr and BOD5) and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 (r = 0.72878). Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated. 相似文献
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Kristine L. Verdin Bruce Worstell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(6):1537-1547
Abstract: Estimates of mean annual streamflow are needed for a variety of hydrologic assessments. Away from gage locations, regional regression equations that are a function of upstream area, precipitation, and temperature are commonly used. Geographic information systems technology has facilitated their use for projects, but traditional approaches using the polygon overlay operator have been too inefficient for national scale applications. As an alternative, the Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA) database was used as a framework for a fully distributed implementation of mean annual streamflow regional regression equations. The raster “flow accumulation” operator was used to efficiently achieve spatially continuous parameterization of the equations for every 30 m grid cell of the conterminous United States (U.S.). Results were confirmed by comparing with measured flows at stations of the Hydro‐Climatic Data Network, and their applications value demonstrated in the development of a national geospatial hydropower assessment. Interactive tools at the EDNA website make possible the fast and efficient query of mean annual streamflow for any location in the conterminous U.S., providing a valuable complement to other national initiatives (StreamStats and the National Hydrography Dataset Plus). 相似文献
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Natalie R. Couling 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(11):3411-3420
The influence of PAH chemical structure and concentration, added in either single (75 or 300 mg kg−1) or multiple (2 × 75, 2 × 150 or 4 × 75 mg kg−1) applications as single- or multiple-contaminant systems, on the development of PAH biodegradation in a pristine soil was investigated. Development in microbial catabolic ability was assessed at 0, 28, 56 and 84 d by monitoring 14C-naphthalene, 14C-phenanthrene and 14C-pyrene mineralisation over 14 d in respirometric assays. The presence of other contaminants influenced the ability of the indigenous microflora to mineralise structurally different contaminants over time. 14C-Naphthalene mineralisation was inhibited by the presence of other contaminants; whereas the presence of naphthalene significantly enhanced rates of mineralisation in multiple-contaminant systems containing 14C-phenanthrene and 14C-pyrene. Generally, increasing the number of contaminant applications has implications for catabolic activity of soil microbes. It is suggested the toxic nature of PAHs retarded mineralisation at increased contaminant concentrations. 相似文献
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大孔吸附树脂在有机废水处理中的应用的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对大孔吸附树脂的基本特点进行了描述,介绍了大孔吸附树脂对各种有机废水处理的概况,并展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
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Hawsey Robert A. Morozumi Satoshi 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(2):279-306
Superconductivity has the potential to bring a more fundamental change to electric power technologies than has occurred since electricity use became widespread nearly a century ago. The potential is for an energy revolution as profound as the impact fiber optics has had on communications. The fiber optic ‘information superhighway’ was constructed by replacing copper wires with a higher capacity alternative. Superconductivity provides an ‘energy superhighway’ that greatly improves efficiency and capacity. The economic and energy impacts of superconductors are predicted to be huge. Many challenges are being addressed in order for superconductivity to play this important role in the electric power system. The difficult challenge is underway in many countries to manufacture electrical wire from the ceramic high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, while in parallel, super-efficient power devices that use these wires are being designed and demonstrated in field trials. The benefits can be substantial: HTS wires that are a resistance-free alternative to conventional wires while carrying 100 times the amount of electricity; oil-free electrical equipment that is environmentally benign, with half the energy losses and half the size of conventional alternatives; and addressable markets estimated to exceed US$10 billion per annum within the next two decades. The savings due to increased efficiency of HTS electric power products may exceed 36 million metric tons of CO2 in Japan, and much higher numbers in the U.S. and Europe, if generation continues to rely upon fossil fuels. 相似文献
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新工艺引入“一机两用”和“以废治废”的思想进行系统改造 ,实现改造后污泥处理系统的良性循环 ,根除了污泥外排的局面 ,降低了成本 ,节约了费用 ,创造了良好的社会效益和环境效益 相似文献