全文获取类型
收费全文 | 814篇 |
免费 | 62篇 |
国内免费 | 91篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 33篇 |
废物处理 | 10篇 |
环保管理 | 128篇 |
综合类 | 396篇 |
基础理论 | 149篇 |
污染及防治 | 74篇 |
评价与监测 | 162篇 |
社会与环境 | 12篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 16篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 45篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 45篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有967条查询结果,搜索用时 812 毫秒
91.
Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca Matthew S. Bates Veronique Delmas Vincenzo Cocheo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):59-67
Many VOC represent hazards to human health through chronic exposure. Recent European and world-wide legislation proposes limit values for ambient concentrations of these compounds. However, very little experimental data exists for true population exposure. In 1996, the European MACBETH initiative set out to measure population exposure to benzene in six European cities. This study details the French contribution to this program. Six campaigns were carried out, each comprising measurements at 100 outdoor sites and the participation of 50 non-smoking volunteers who wore personal samplers and had passive monitors installed in their homes. Iso-concentration maps were drawn for each campaign and the results showed that outdoor concentrations were significantly lower than indoors. Almost 75% of the volunteers were exposed to mean concentrations higher than the limit value of 5µgm3. It is demonstrated that personal exposure levels cannot be deduced simply by combining indoor and outdoor background concentrations. It is also shown that there is need for better knowledge of the contributions to overall exposure of outdoor microenvironments and the authors hope that future European directives will take this into account. 相似文献
92.
Allan IJ Nilsson HC Tjensvoll I Bradshaw C Næs K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2393-2397
Integrative passive sampling with devices such as semipermeable membrane devices generally relies on rigs for month-long static exposures in water. We evaluate here whether mobile exposures of passive samplers can provide reliable estimates of dissolved contaminant concentrations. Mobile exposures were obtained by towing samplers fastened to the end of a benthic trawl net. Significant and reproducible absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during 5 h-long deployments was made possible by high sampling rates resulting from high water turbulences during towing at 1.2-1.5 knots. Sampling rates (72-215 L d−1) estimated from the dissipation of performance reference compounds were supported by in situ calibration with samplers exposed for a 30 days in the vicinity of the test site. Higher fluoranthene and pyrene absorption in samplers exposed to the trawling-induced sediment plume could be attributed to desorption from re-suspended sediments. This mode of exposure has the potential to be used in monitoring programmes. 相似文献
93.
This paper presents a simple least squares procedure for estimating the spatial covariance and compares it with the numerically more difficult restricted maximum likelihood procedure. Thereafter, it compares design-based and kriging techniques for the estimation of spatial averages in the context of double sampling, as used in forest inventory, where terrestrial sample plots are combined with auxiliary information based on aerial photographs. A case study illustrates the theory. 相似文献
94.
Lobpreis T Vrana B Dominiak E Dercová K Mills GA Greenwood R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):706-710
Passive sampling of pollutants in water has been gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring. Previously, an integrative passive sampler (the Chemcatcher) was developed and calibrated for the measurement of time weighted average concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in water. Effects of physicochemical properties and environmental variables (water temperature and turbulence) on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterising the exchange of analytes between the sampler and water have been published. In this study, the effect of modification in sampler housing geometry on these calibration parameters was studied. The results obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show that reducing the depth of the cavity in the sampler body geometry increased the exchange kinetics by approximately twofold, whilst having no effect on the correlation between the uptake and offload kinetics of analytes. The use of performance reference compounds thus avoids the need for extensive re-calibration when the sampler body geometry is modified. 相似文献
95.
Sather ME Slonecker ET Mathew J Daughtrey H Williams DD 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):211-221
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is a common urban air pollutant that results from the combustion of fossil fuels. It causes serious human health effects,
is a precursor to the formation of ground level ozone, another serious air pollutant, and is one of the six criteria air pollutants
established by the United States (U.S.) Clean Air Act (CAA). Ogawa Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for NO2 were collocated and operated at six NO2 Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitor locations in the El Paso, Texas area for the 2004 calendar year. Passive samples were
taken at 2-week, 3-week, and 4-week intervals and compared against the continuously operating FRM monitors. Results showed
that the collective NO2 annual arithmetic mean for all passive monitors was identical to the NO2 mean for all FRM monitors. Of the individual locations, three passive annual NO2 means were identical to their corresponding FRM means, and three passive annual NO2 means differed from their corresponding FRM means by only one part per billion (ppb). Linear correlation analysis between
all readings of the individual NO2 PSDs and FRM values showed an average absolute difference of 1.2 ppb with an r
2 of 0.95. Paired comparison between high and low concentration annual NO2 sites, seasonal considerations, and interlab quality control comparisons all showed excellent results. The ease of deployment,
reliability, and the cost-savings that can be realized with NO2 PSDs could make them an attractive alternative to FRM monitors for screening purposes, and even possibly an equivalent method
for annual NO2 monitoring. More tests of the Ogawa NO2 PSD are recommended for different ecosystem and climate regimes. 相似文献
96.
Restricted adaptive cluster sampling 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Adaptive cluster sampling can be a useful design for sampling rare and patchy populations. With this design the initial sample size is fixed but the size of the final sample (and total sampling effort) cannot be predicted prior to sampling. For some populations the final sample size can be quite variable depending on the level of patchiness. Restricted adaptive cluster sampling is a proposed modification where a limit is placed on the sample size prior to sampling and quadrats are selected sequentially for the initial sample size. As a result there is less variation in the final sample size and the total sampling effort can be predicted with some certainty, which is impor- tant for many ecological studies. Estimates of density are biased with the restricted design but under some circumstances the bias can be estimated well by bootstrapping. © Rapid Science 1998 相似文献
97.
98.
The psychological reactions of 211 women undergoing prenatal diagnosis (PND) with amniocentesis (group A, n = 122) or chorionic villus biopsy (group V, n = 90) were exmained by questionnaires and interviews. The distress experienced while waiting for the test, during the test procedure, and while waiting for the result was reported by the women, both in questionnaires and in interviews. In the questionnaires, no difference between the two diagnostic methods was observed. In the interviews, however, the women undergoing amniocentesis appeared significantly more distressed by the procedure. In group A 97 per cent and in group V 100 per cent wished a method which, like chorionic villus biopsy, could be used in the first weeks of pregnancy. The risk of miscarriage was, as described in other studies, regarded as a serious threat by the pregnant women. 相似文献
99.
100.
Evaluating Alternative Temporal Survey Designs for Monitoring Wetland Area and Detecting Changes Over Time in California 下载免费PDF全文
Leila G. Lackey Eric D. Stein 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(2):388-399
Evaluation of wetland extent and changes in extent is a foundation of many wetland monitoring and assessment programs. Probabilistic sampling and mapping provides a cost‐effective alternative to comprehensive mapping for large geographic areas. One unresolved challenge for probabilistic or design‐based approaches is how best to monitor both status (e.g., extent at a single point in time) and trends (e.g., changes in extent over time) within a single monitoring program. Existing wetland status and trends (S&T) monitoring programs employ fixed sampling locations; however, theoretical evaluation and limited implementation in other landscape monitoring areas suggest that alternative designs could increase statistical efficiency and overall accuracy. In particular, designs that employ both fixed and nonfixed sampling locations (alternately termed permanent and temporary samples), termed sampling with partial replacement (SPR), are considered to efficiently and effectively balance monitoring current status with detection of trends. This study utilized simulated sampling to assess the performance of fixed sampling locations, SPR, and strictly nonfixed designs for monitoring wetland S&T over time. Modeled changes in wetland density over time were used as inputs for sampling simulations. In contrast to previous evaluations of SPR, the results of this study support the use of a fixed sampling design and show that SPR may underestimate both S&T. 相似文献