环境执法问题的思考

针对目前环境执法的现状及存在的问题,从提高环境意识,完善执法体制,坚持依法行政,加强队伍建设等方面,阐明了作者的观点,以期引起各方的关注。     

环境技术引进的环境法律规制

本文首先对环境技术引进的社会背景及其相关法律问题作了简要说明,对环境技术引进的一般法律管制进行了分析,较为深入的阐述了对环境技术引进进行环境活动规制的必要性,并提出了对环境技术引进进行环境法律规制的基本原则及基本制度。     

ESTABLISHING WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN LAW: NEW ZEALAND'S EXPERIENCE1

ABSTRACT: New Zealand is one of the first countries in the world to enshrine the concept of watershed management in law, through institutional arrangements and the Resource Management Act of 1991 ‐ a law constructed on a watershed management legacy begun in 1941. This paper outlines the development of New Zealand's Resource Management Act (as it applies to water management) and the lessons that have been learned in its implementation.     

Park gazettement and integrated conservation and development as factors in community conflict at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

Conflicts between protected-area managers and local people are common, but the drivers of conflict are rarely analyzed. This limits opportunities to identify strategies that reduce conflict and the magnitude of resulting threats to conservation. Integrated conservation and development (ICD) was adopted at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda, to reduce conflict during gazettement of the national park, but the success of this approach remains contested. We retrieved documents of conflict written by park staff and local people from 1986 through 2000 (before, during, and after gazettement). We extracted data on 48 incidences of violent conflict and categorized them by gazettement period, area, instigator, and type to undertake a historical analysis of the triggers of violent conflict at Bwindi. Before and during gazettement, local villagers instigated most of the conflict incidents when law-enforcement efforts sought to halt commercial activities within Bwindi. No conflict arose from the arrest of villagers collecting subsistence resources during these periods. After gazettement, prohibitions on commercial activities continued to drive conflict even though villagers collecting subsistence resources were arrested more frequently than before gazettement, and local attitudes toward the park had improved following receipt of ICD benefits. Law-enforcement efforts targeted commercial activities to reduce this threat to Bwindi's mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), although the activities remained important income sources for people in villages near Bwindi. Losing commercial income following gazettement therefore appeared to be their primary motivation for instigating conflict with park rangers. Prohibitions on subsistence resource use triggered conflict less often. Our use of typologies for a multivariate conflict analysis demonstrates that by identifying differences between effects of conservation as drivers of conflict, conflict analysis can enable a more strategic deployment of conflict-resolution measures that could further conservation efforts. At Bwindi targeting ICD toward individuals who lost benefits from commercial activities may strengthen the role of ICD in conflict resolution and conservation.     

中国北方近50年潜在蒸发的变化

利用彭曼-蒙梯斯公式和常规气象资料计算中国北方地区潜在蒸发(也称蒸发力)变化,分析实测蒸发皿蒸发的变化,结果表明:自20世纪50年代以来,潜在蒸发和蒸发皿蒸发呈波动下降趋势。日照百分率、风速下降和湿度增加影响了潜在蒸散和蒸发皿蒸发量的变化。从能量观点来说,太阳总辐射的下降是潜在蒸发和蒸发皿蒸发减小的主要原因之一,大气湿度增加和人类对于能源消耗的增加导致到达地面的太阳总辐射下降。因太阳总辐射的下降引起潜在蒸发的减小量约占总潜在蒸发减小量的78%左右。     

燃气爆炸荷载下隧道砌体损伤规律与事故影响范围研究

为降低隧道内燃气爆炸时砖砌体抛射物造成人员伤亡的概率,以中缅油气管道隧道砖砌体为研究对象,建立3种不同类型砖砌体的数值模型,将燃气爆炸荷载简化为三角形荷载,基于LS-DYNA软件,研究燃气爆炸荷载下隧道砖砌体结构的损伤规律与砖砌体抛射物的潜在影响范围.研究结果表明:砖砌体在天然气爆炸荷载作用下,可能会发生整体破坏,产生...     

浅析我国目前的环境执法

分析了我国目前的环境执法及影响环境执法的原因,提出了环境执法建议。     

长距离人工输水渠道水质时空演变规律研究——以南水北调中线总干渠为例

以南水北调中线工程通水6年来沿线30个常规水质监测断面逐月的水质监测数据为基础,基于斯皮尔曼秩次相关检验,系统分析总干渠水质时空变化趋势.结果表明,总干渠水质总体良好,主要指标能够达到Ⅱ类及以上水平.空间尺度上,总干渠水温(r=-0.897,p＜0.01)、总磷(r=-0.820,p＜0.01)、生化需氧量(r=-0....     

用政策作指导以法律为依据提高环境评价质量

本文提出了环境影响评价必须用政策作指导 ,以法律为依据 ,提高环境影响评价质量的几点意见。     

环境管理要坚持严字当头

本文从多方面论述了环境管理必须坚持严字当头的重要性,深刻分析了地方环境管理严不起来的种种原困,在此基础上,提出了一系列相关的建议和途径。