Water Resource Potential in Northern India: Constraints and Analyses of Price and Non-Price Solutions

The paper examines the linkages between water depletion, continuous population growth and economic development viewed primarily as agricultural development. This is done within a framework of a dynamic simulation model of ecological-economic type over extended periods of time. It is found that intensive agriculture, driven by an increase in the cropping intensity as a result of increase in area under paddy crop, has led to an increased gap between the demand for and supply of water resources, in particular subsurface resources. The consequent fall in water table may lead to constraints in the use of water. This has strong inequity implications in the resource use as well as threats to future of agricultural development in the region. It is revealed that a mix of interventions based on price solutions, non-price solutions and institutional set up are decisive in bringing a sustainable development and use of resource. The paper concludes with emphasising the role of state/government in achieving the desired goal.     

Environmental problem-solving and land-use management: A proposed structure for Australia

A three-tiered structure of land-use and environmental management is here proposed for Australia. The structure is based on the idea that environment means the environment of people, and that environmental problems arise when a change in the interaction between people and their environment leads to conflicts about the use of land and resources. The heterogeneity of society means that a range of human aspirations and value systems must be satisfied by environmental managers. Existing methods of environmental management fail to achieve these objectives, due to inadequate perception of environmental problems by decision-makers, and the inability of currently available impact assessment techniques to resolve human conflicts associated with the use of land and resources. The main work of planning and managing land use and the environment would be carried out by regional authorities, supported by federal and state policy. Examples are given of moves towards regional administration in England and Wales, Western Australia, Australia and New Zealand. Community participation in the decision-making process is essential and can be achieved by electoral representation to the authoritative bodies and through procedures that ensure informed public comment on planning proposals.     

STATE VARIABLE MODEL FOR URBAN RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESS1

ABSTRACT: A nonlinear hydrologic system model has been developed for analyzing the urban rainfall-runoff process. The model is formulated as a state variable model consisting of several parameters. A search technique is employed to find the set of parameters for which the model's response best fits observed data. The model could be used in either a simulation or forecasting mode. The model is applied to observed data for the Waller Creek Watershed in Austin, Texas, to develop the model parameters for various levels of urbanization of the watershed. The trend of each parameter with respect to levels of urbanization is examined.     

WATER-BASED ACTIVITY INVOLVEMENT FOR RECREATION CONSUMERS AT STATE,FEDERAL, LOCAL,OR PRIVATE FACILITIES1

ABSTRACT: The water-based activity involvement of participants at state and federal and local and private facilities identified by using participation rate groups is examined. No differences between participant groups within activities based on socio-economic characteristics were found. However, groups of highly active individuals were identified at both types of properties. It is suggested that social action system variables be added to traditional social aggregate variables to assist the understanding of leisure involvement.     

STATE LEGISLATIVE RESPONSE TO THE CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT1

This research deals with the manner in which the Arizona Legislature dealt with the issue of the Central Arizona Project. Due to the massive costs and impact, the Central Arizona Project was handled by the Legislature in a nonroutinized manner. There was no Legislative precedent for dealing with such a major public work project. Given the Legislature's annual program concerns and priorities, it is neither structurally nor psychologically geared to respond to the Central Arizona Project in terms of placing it within an agenda of priorities even for discussion.     

马尔柯夫法在耕地质量动态评价中的应用

根据随机过程原理,构建了新的转移矩阵,建立了一个马尔柯夫链综合耕地质量评价模型.通过实例的应用,分析证明了其模型的可靠性,从而为耕地质量动态评价的科学化提供了依据.     

前兆异常与地震相关性研究—— 一个值得广大地震学者重视的问题

简要介绍了前兆异常与地震相关性定量分析方法,并列举了在进行这方面研究中目前存在的薄弱环节和困难,以期引起广大地震分析预报人员的重视。     

一种改善工作环境利于人身健康的自动监控系统

有些特定的工作环境，在不能够确定空气状态参数的情况下，不允许对其进行通风处理。本文介绍了一种可以在线检测空气状态，并根据判定标志，自动开启换气设备的智能仪器。它对于工作环境的改善，人身健康的保护，仪器使用及物品存放的安全都具有较高的实用和推广价值。     

Dilemmas of regional planning in Hungary

The author provides an account of Hungarian regional policy and planning during the last 40 years, describing a socialist state trying to escape from a centrally planned economy. The paper discusses the consequences of the reforms and the problems of conflict resolution which resulted. The author argues that central planning will continue to be necessary in the future, and that there is a need to strengthen the co‐ordinative role of regional plans.     

顺丁烯二酸酐生产的环境友好技术

以正丁烷选择性氧化制顺丁烯二酸酐为例，按照氧化还原进行的烃类选择性氧化反应，采用将催化循环的不同步骤在空间或时间上分离的操作方法，可大幅度地提高反应的选择性，实现环境友好生产。重点介绍了循环流化床、人为非定固定床和膜反应器这3种新反应技术在顺丁烯二酸酐生产中的应用。