窄长类匝道基坑开挖变形监测数据统计分析*

为研究窄长类基坑开挖过程中基坑变形性状和基坑开挖对近邻的扰动,以上海市某匝道基坑开挖工程为案例,采用统计方法对该基坑围护结构、邻近地表、周边建筑变形监测数据进行分析。结果表明:相较于民建宽大类基坑,窄长类基坑开挖对于围护结构侧向位移、墙后地表沉降、邻近既有建筑倾斜大小的影响更小,而在围护结构最大侧向位移出现的位置上,二者差别不大;对于窄长类基坑,由于其窄边尺寸效应,窄边处所对应的围护结构变形以及地表沉降,相较于长边均呈现出较为明显的减小;在工程实例中,由于基坑宽度更窄,因此其空间效应更为明显。     

Analysis of the severity of vehicle-bicycle crashes with data mining techniques

Introduction: Although cycling is increasingly being promoted for transportation, the safety concern of bicyclists is one of the major impediments to their adoption. A thorough investigation on the contributing factors to fatalities and injuries involving bicyclist. Method: This paper designs an integrated data mining framework to determine the significant factors that contribute to the severity of vehicle-bicycle crashes based on the crash dataset of Victorian, Australia (2013–2018). The framework integrates imbalanced data resampling, learning-based feature extraction with gradient boosting algorithm and marginal effect analysis. The top 10 significant predictors of the severity of vehicle-bicycle crashes are extracted, which gives an area under ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.8236 and computing time as 37.8 s. Results: The findings provide insights for understanding and developing countermeasures or policy initiatives to reduce severe vehicle-bicycle crashes.     

Biosorption of copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions on base treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder: kinetics, isotherm, and biosorption mechanisms

The effciency of sodium hydroxide treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder (NHBL) for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The e?ects of physicochemical parameters on biosorption capacities such as stirring speed, pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentrations of copper, and ionic strength were studied. The biosorption capacities of NHBL increased with increase in pH, stirring speed and copper concentration but decreased with increase in biosorbent dose and ionic strength...     

HgCl_2对网箱养殖海域营养盐在沉积物——水界面上交换速率的影响

在滴加HgCl2的状况下,应用实验室培养法研究了大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖海域各营养盐(NO2-N、NO3-N、NH4-N、PO4-P、SiO3-Si)在沉积物-海水界面上的交换通量;并根据改进的连续函数法计算了各营养盐在沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率.结果表明,在滴加HgCl2后,上述营养盐在沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率均明显下降,其减小幅度分别达到31.91%、52.27%、44.06%、48.05%和43.10%.加入HgCl2后,沉积物中微生物的分解作用和小型底栖生物的扰动作用受到抑制,有机物质向无机营养盐的转化能力和营养盐由沉积物向水体中的扩散能力减弱,各营养盐在沉积物-水界面上交换速率随之减小.     

连云港市首次污染源普查数据处理及二次开发应用的研究

通过开展连云港市污染源普查工作,全面掌握了各类污染源情况,包括工业源、生活源、农业源及集中式污染治理设施等,采集到大量的污染源普查数据。在实践中,我们采用先进的信息管理技术对污染源普查数据进行处理后利用G IS技术中具有支持空间数据的获取、管理、处理、分析、建模和显示及解决复杂的管理问题的功能开发连云港市污染源电子地图。这些污染源普查数据的二次开发应用,对新时期环保工作、编制环保规划、优化经济结构、制定环境政策、加强环境监管、实施污染源动态管理、建设环境友好型社会、维护群众环境权益等工作起到了十分重要的意义。     

中国生态工业园区废物交换系统的功能框架及原型开发

废物交换是生态工业园区的特征要素,其高级实现形式是废物交换网络平台。在综述国内外废物交换状况的基础上,分析了国内外废物交换模式的差异及其原因,指出信息交换成本、废物交换尺度及社会经济背景等差异决定了国外废物交换模式及网络平台不符合中国国情。针对国内现有废物交换系统运转不畅的现实,提出了适合中国国情的生态工业园区废物交换系统的功能定位及系统架构设计,并开发了废物交换原型系统。     

滇池福保湾底泥内源氮磷营养盐释放通量估算

在滇池福保湾采集柱状芯样,室内静态模拟沉积物NH4 -N和P3-4-P的释放.结果表明,底泥NH4 -N和PO3-4-P的释放速率分别为22.941～163.117 mg·(m2·d)-1和0.90～2.06 mg·(m2·d)-1,不同区域释放速率差异极大.相对较低的释放速率与湖湾接纳高浓度污水使上覆水与沉积物孔隙水间浓度势减弱有关.通过Peeper(原位渗析膜采样器)法获取间隙水-上覆水剖面样品分析,并根据Fick扩散定律计算出福保湾底泥NH4 -N和pO3--P的释放速率分别为2.85～81.96 mg·(m2·d)-1和0.118～0.265 mg·(m2·d)-1.比较2种方法,利用Fick定律计算出的界面氮磷释放通量明显小于柱样模拟方法.经面积加权,按静态释放计算出福保湾底泥NH4 -N和PO3-4-P的年释放通量分别为(49.9±8.8)t和(0.79±0.53)t.     

基于STIRPAT模型的中国城镇生活能源消费影响因素研究

为探究人口规模、收入水平、消费倾向、节能政策和技术等因素对中国城镇生活能源消费的影响,基于拓展的STIRPAT模型并运用2000~2013年中国省际面板数据对各影响因素的效应进行评估。结果显示:城镇生活能源强度、城镇居民消费倾向、人均可支配收入、城镇化率、总人口、政策综合力度6个因素的增长率每变化1%,将会引起城镇生活能源消费量增长率0.9322%、0.8537%、(0.559 2+0.169 2 ln DI)%、0.599 8%、0.408 0%、-0.012 0%的变化,表明除节能政策外,其余5因素均正向促进城镇生活能耗增长。其中生活能源强度对城镇生活能耗影响最大,节能政策虽会抑制城镇生活能耗增长,但作用较为微弱。政府需继续加强节能政策综合实施力度,从而实现生活能源消费领域的节能减排。     

Conceptual Framework for the National Flood Interoperability Experiment

The National Flood Interoperability Experiment is a research collaboration among academia, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, and government and commercial partners to advance the application of the National Water Model for flood forecasting. In preparation for a Summer Institute at the National Water Center in June‐July 2015, a demonstration version of a near real‐time, high spatial resolution flood forecasting model was developed for the continental United States. The river and stream network was divided into 2.7 million reaches using the National Hydrography Dataset Plus geospatial dataset and it was demonstrated that the runoff into these stream reaches and the discharge within them could be computed in 10 min at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. This study presents a conceptual framework to connect information from high‐resolution flood forecasting with real‐time observations and flood inundation mapping and planning for local flood emergency response.     

基于LLE-ELM的矿井瓦斯涌出量预测方法研究

基于局部线性嵌入(Locally Linear Embedding,LLE)算法和极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)神经网络建立矿井瓦斯涌出量预测模型,该预测模型运用LLE算法对矿井瓦斯涌出量影响因素样本进行数据挖掘,得到降维后的有效因子,再将这些有效因子作为ELM神经网络的输入层进行训练和预测。利用某矿井的实测数据进行实例分析,结果表明该预测模型预测速度快,精度高,能够用于矿井瓦斯涌出量预测。