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91.
揭开武汉东湖蓝藻水华消失之谜 总被引:115,自引:3,他引:112
水华(亦称湖靛)是湖泊富营养化最恶劣的表征之一。武汉东湖70年代至1984年间每年夏季出现蓝藻水华,1985年起突然消失,至今已有14年没有重现,原因何在?通过三次设在湖里的围隔试验,证明鲢鳙的大量放养,是水华消失的决定性因素。 相似文献
92.
川中丘陵区村级景观土壤有机碳密度和储量分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文综合运用了地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)和全球卫星定位系统(GPS)等技术手段,分析了人口密集的川中丘陵乡村区域土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)和储量(SOCS)的空间分布及影响因素。结果表明,区域内SOCD和SOCS平均值分别为5.58kg/m2和75.77×105g,SOCD随丘体高度的降低向四周逐渐增大,SOCS主要分布于旱地、水田等土地利用类型中。0~30cm土层和土体深度内,SOCD以冬水田最高,裸岩最低;SOCS则以丘脚旱地和轮作水田最高,裸岩最低。地形、土地利用和土地覆盖对SOCD、SOCS影响明显。 相似文献
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以市售无机膨胀型AB牌防火涂料为研究基础,复合了膨胀阻燃剂(APP-MEL-PER阻燃体系)、抑烟剂和助剂,进行了新型防火涂料的制备,当膨胀阻燃体系(APP-MEL-PER阻燃体系)以17∶6∶6的配比混合于该涂料中,其所占质量百分比为19%的时,防火性能最好。测试表明,该新型防火涂料烟密度等级6.77,指数下降了10,接近于国家标准1级。在248℃~400℃期间失重仅为12%,在390℃,有强烈的吸收峰,也表现了优异的阻燃性能。实现了APP-MEL-PER膨胀阻燃剂和AB牌涂料优配的目的。 相似文献
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Robert L. Reschta 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(6):1209-1220
ABSTRACT: Long-term climatic data from National Weather Service stations in six areas of the United States were utilized to develop regression equations relating a “snowfall index” parameter and air temperature. Nearly 200 stations, representing a wide range in physiographic and climatic conditions, were selected for analysis. Snowfall index is defined as the ratio of snowfall depth to precipitation. Using annual data, regression analysis indicated snowfall index to be significantly (α= 0.01) related to temperature for five of the six areas studied. Differences between equations were attributed to the effects of precipitation and temperature during non-snowfall periods. Mean monthly data were also considered and significant equations (α= 0.011, representing a family of similarly shaped curves, were obtained. The illustrated equations can be used for estimating mean monthly and annual snowfall amounts for stations having only temperature and precipitation measurements. 相似文献
98.
Myron MoInau Walter J. Rawls David L. Curtis C. C. Warnick 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(3):428-432
ABSTRACT: Data from a network of 45 shielded precipitation gages on the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in Southwestern Idaho were analyzed to determine the optimum gage density for estimating mean annual precipitation. Four subsets of the 45 gage network were used to derive a curve of mean annual precipitation versus number of gages with a confidence band at the 95 percent level. When less than 20 gages were used in the estimate, the confidence interval widens rapidly. Estimates were improved by stratifying gages on the basis of plant cover class or by elevation bands. Sixty-four percent of the variation in mean annual precipitation was accounted for by elevation and cover class. The aspect and hydrologic soil classification were not statistically significant. 相似文献
99.
Abstract: The traditional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis postulates that environmental degradation follows an inverted U-shaped relationship with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. We tested the EKC hypothesis with bird populations in 5 different habitats as environmental quality indicators. Because birds are considered environmental goods, for them the EKC hypothesis would instead be associated with a U-shaped relationship between bird populations and GDP per capita. In keeping with the literature, we included other variables in the analysis—namely, human population density and time index variables (the latter variable captured the impact of persistent and exogenous climate and/or policy changes on bird populations over time). Using data from 9 Canadian provinces gathered over 37 years, we used a generalized least-squares regression for each bird habitat type, which accounted for the panel structure of the data, the cross-sectional dependence across provinces in the residuals, heteroskedasticity, and fixed- or random-effect specifications of the models. We found evidence that supports the EKC hypothesis for 3 of the 5 bird population habitat types. In addition, the relationship between human population density and the different bird populations varied, which emphasizes the complex nature of the impact that human populations have on the environment. The relationship between the time-index variable and the different bird populations also varied, which indicates there are other persistent and significant influences on bird populations over time. Overall our EKC results were consistent with those found for threatened bird species, indicating that economic prosperity does indeed act to benefit some bird populations. 相似文献
100.
Amir P. Nejadhashemi Joseph M. Sheridan Adel Shirmohammadi Hubert J. Montas 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(3):744-756
Abstract: Evaluating the relative amounts of water moving through the different components of the hydrological cycle is required for precise management and planning of water resources. An important aspect of this evaluation is the partitioning of streamflow into surface (quick flow) and base‐flow components. A prior study evaluated 40 different approaches for hydrograph‐partitioning on a field scale watershed in the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States and concluded that the Boughton’s method produced the most consistent and accurate results. However, its accuracy depends upon the proper estimation of: (1) the end of surface runoff, and (2) the fraction factor (α) that is function of many physical and hydrologic characteristics of a watershed. Proper identification of the end of surface runoff was accomplished by using a second derivative approach. Applying this approach to 12 years of separately measured surface and subsurface flow data from a field scale watershed (study area) proved to be accurate for 87% of the time. Estimation of the α value was accomplished in this study using two steps: (1) alpha was fitted to individual hydrographs: and, (2) a regression equation that determines these alpha values based on climatological factors (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration) was developed. Using these strategies improved the streamflow partitioning method’s performance significantly. 相似文献