Asphalt fractions in airborne particles from highway traffic and the accumulation in plants

Ａｓｐｈａｌｔｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｎａｉｒｂｏｒｎｅｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｆｒｏｍｈｉｇｈｗａｙｔｒａｆｆｉｃａｎｄｔｈｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｐｌａｎｔｓ￥ＨｅＫｅｂｉｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，...     

大亚湾麻痹性贝类毒素HPLC分析

根据Ｏｓｈｉｍａ建立的高效液相色普法（ＨＰＬＣ）对广东大亚湾不同时期的华贵栉孔扇贝（Ｃｈａｌｍｙｓ ｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ）和悲翠贻贝（Ｐｅｒｒｎａ ｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ）消化腺所含的麻痹性贝类毒素（ＰＳＰ）进行了分析。结果显示，两种贝类消化腺所含的ＰＳＰ成分基本相同，主要成分为低毒力的Ｎ－磺酸氨基甲酰类毒素ＧＴＸ５、Ｃ１和Ｃ２及高毒力的氨基甲酸脂类毒素ＧＴＸ１－４，而格ｎｅｏＳＴＸ不足总量的５％，与扇贝相比，     

溢油指示物(指标)的HPLC-FLD-GM(1,1)研究

通过对油种、风化和HPLC-FLD实验条件的模糊最大矩阵元评价,确定表征溢油指示物(指标)的HPLC-FLD-GM(1,1)的建模数据信息点.结果表明,溢油风化GM(1,1)模式的预测精度较高,可用于溢油风化预测研究.     

滇池沉积物中微囊藻毒素的HPLC检测

通过向滇池沉积物中加入一定量的微囊藻毒素配制成模拟样品,再用提取液提取样品中的毒素,用HPLC方法检测其含量。通过对不同提取方式、不同提取液和两种微囊藻毒素变体的提取效果进行比较,发现采用正丁醇∶甲醇∶水=1∶4∶15的提取液,用多次搅拌提取的方式,MC-RR和MC-LR的回收率比较好。按此方式对滇池沉积物样品进行检测,发现共表层沉积物中有少量藻毒素的存在。     

水中苯酚、五氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚的高效液相色谱法

本文采用高效液相色谱法，用固相小柱萃取，纯氮气吹气浓缩，以甲醇／水＋醋酸为流动相反相色谱柱分离酚。苯酚、五氯酚、2，4，6－三氯酚一次同时分离，用紫外检测器外标法同时定量测定三者含量，平均回收率分别为95．80％，96．86％，95．72％；R．S．D分别为3．08％，3．36％，2．96％。用于饮用水中酚类测定，结果令人满意。     

Lipophilicity and Metabolic Route Prediction of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids * (6 pp)

- Aims and Background. Ionic liquid application in industry will offer several excellent solutions, but it also means that they will enter the environment sooner or later. Responsible product design should always take into consideration not only technological demands, but also the risks arising out of possible toxicity and ecotoxicity. In our strategy we are aiming to understand the fate of these entities through their life cycle in the environment as a complimentary element of their design. This paper presents results on the lipophilicity of selected imidazolium ionic liquids, a parameter that plays a key role in environmental and biological distribution. Additionally, the prediction of the most stable metabolite of a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) cation – a congener representative of this group of compounds is presented. Materials and Methods Lipophilicity was evaluated by means of reversed phase and immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and further compared to calculated data. Theoretical prediction of lipophilicity was undertaken using fragmental methodology combined with manual calculations of the geometric bond factor for quaternary ammonium and the electronic bond factor due to the presence of a charge. Results and Discussion All the substances studied are characterized by very low partition coefficients, and lipophilicity varies linearly with elongation of the n-alkyl chain. Prediction of metabolic routes was based solely on thermodynamic data of the radical intermediates formed during the reaction with the cytochrome P450 system. The energetically most stable radical structure is generated by hydrogen abstraction from the gamma position of the BMIM cation. Conclusions and Recommendations. The experimentally measured and theoretically estimated lipophilicity coefficients obtained for all the compounds studied generally indicate a relatively low lipophilicity and thus preferable partition to the aqueous phase. By means of thermodynamic data, it was also confirmed that the energetically most stable radical structure is generated by hydrogen abstraction from the gamma position on the alkyl chain in the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, as a result of which the C1 atom is preferentially oxidized. - * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil-contaminated soil: A two-step method for the isolation and characterization of PAHs

A two-step analytical method is developed for the isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crude oil contaminated soil. In the first step, those crude oil components were isolated which are easily mobilized with water from the contaminated soil (determination of groundwater pollution potential). In the second step, the fraction containing the remaining crude oil compounds was extracted using toluene. After the cleanup of the fractions, both fractions were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC of the toluene extracted fraction shows that along with the sixteen priority pollutants from the US-EPA list, many other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present as well. It is evident from the chromatograms that a significant amount of PAHs are present as is also the case in the fractions eluted by water. The described method allows the determination of total organic pollutants from crude oil, some of them being potential groundwater contaminants. The major part of the total pollutants could not be mobilized by water and therefore remains in the soil, which was extracted in the second step.     

弗罗里硅土净化和凝胶色谱净化在土壤苯并(a)芘测定中的应用

采用ASE萃取-弗罗里硅土净化-HPLC法和ASE萃取-GPC净化-HPLC法测定土壤中苯并(a)芘,并将2种方法的测定结果作比对。试验表明,方法在0.02 mg/L~0.500 mg/L之间线性良好,当取样量为10 g时,弗罗里硅土净化土壤样品方法检出限为8.93×10~(-5)mg/kg,平均加标回收率为72.7%~73.8%,3次测定结果的RSD为4.0%~4.5%;凝胶色谱净化土壤样品方法检出限为1.98×10~(-5)mg/kg,平均加标回收率为88.8%~90.2%,3次测定结果的RSD为2.1%~2.8%。     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Need for Assessment of Health Risks in India? Study of An Urban-Industrial Location in India

This paper reports the PAHs levels in the atmosphere of an urbanised industrial site of India. A high-resolution capillary gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector (HRCGC-MS) and a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector were used for the identification and quantitation of PAHs. The atmospheric levels of PAHs were higher (4.66 ng/m³ yearly average) than most of the concentrations previously reported in the literature. Indian sites were found more contaminated with potently carcinogenic: four and above ringed PAHs. Based on a good correlation between the levels of lead, vanadium, BaP and BghiP, the vehicular emission appears to be a major source of the PAHs. Further, the higher levels of observed PAHs could be attributed to the vertical distribution of the aerosols, the preference of the PAHs for the particulate phase and the greater availability of the substrate in the atmosphere for their sorption. This paper also discusses the need for development of a PAHs monitoring protocol and related health effect studies in developing countries such as India.     

Soil Persistence of Triasulfuron Herbicide as Affected by Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Persistence of triasulfuron [3-(6-methoxy-4methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1-{2-(2-chloroethoxy)-phenylsulfonyl}-urea] in soil was studied under wheat crop and laboratory conditions. Field experiment was conducted in the farms of Agronomy Division, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. Randomized block design (RBD) was followed with four replicates and two rates of treatments along with control and weedy check. Triasulfuron was applied as post-emergent application to wheat crop at two rates of application viz., 15 g and 20 g a.i. ha^?1. Soil samples at 0 (3 h), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 30-day intervals after application were drawn, extracted, cleaned up, and analyzed for herbicide residues by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using C₁₈ column and methanol: water (8:2) as mobile phase at 242 nm wave length. Effect of microbial activity and soil pH was studied under laboratory conditions. Dissipation of triasulfuron followed a first-order-rate kinetics. Residues dissipated from field soil with half-life of 5.8 and 5.9 days at two rates of application. The study indicated biphasic degradation with faster rate initially (t _1/2 = 3.7 days), followed by a slower dissipation rate at the end (t _1/2 = 9.4 days). Similar trend was observed with non-sterile soil in laboratory with a longer half-life. Acidic pH and microbial activity contributed toward the degradation of triasulfuron in soil.