氢化物原子吸收分光光度法测定水中的汞

在原402－A原子吸收分光光度计配以流动注射氢化物发生器，对水中汞进行测定，其灵敏度、精密度、准确度均有提高。     

Improving the dynamic response of frequency and power in a wind integrated power system by optimal design of compensated superconducting magnetic energy storage

The frequency deviation and power fluctuation need to be controlled in a wind-integrated power system (WIPS) for keeping the balance between system power generation and demand, which support the quality and stability of overall power system. The present paper addresses this problem while concerning the integration of intermittent wind power and load disturbance into the WIPS. With this intent, it proposes the compensated superconducting magnetic energy storage (CSMES) system with proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for improving the frequency and power deviation profile. A novel swarm intelligence-based artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is used for optimal design of PID-CSMES system. Robustness of the proposed ABC-based PID-CSMES control strategy is tested in WIPS under various disturbance patterns of load and wind power. To demonstrate the improved dynamic response, their simulation results are compared with particle swarm optimization-based PID-CSMES, PID with SMES, and only PID controller technique. The performance indices and transient response characteristics of frequency and power deviation are used to evaluate and compare the accuracy and efficiency of each controller. Stability of various system configurations is analyzed using eigenvalue location. Comparing the results of different controller in WIPS indicates a substantial improvement in the dynamic response of system frequency and power deviations by utilizing the proposed control strategy.     

用于气体消毒的等离子体发生器的研究

利用微空心阴极放电的基本结构,设计了一款用于有毒气体消毒的等离子体发生器装置。对该装置的结构及其消毒机理进行了详细的论述,并对其放电特性进行了研究。实验研究发现:利用该装置能够对挥发性有毒气体甲烷、苯进行有效的消毒,还能够用作臭氧发生器。     

Design and analysis of artificial bee-colony-based MPPT algorithm for DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems

In this article, the proposed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is designed by taking rotor speed as an optimization problem, which is solved by artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to generate the maximum power output. The main advantage of this algorithm is that its optimal solution is independent of the initial positions and requirement of lesser number of control parameters, which leads to simple and robust MPPT algorithm than other algorithm. Furthermore, the hill climb search and particle swarm optimization-based MPPT algorithm are also discussed and the results obtained by these are compared to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. Simulations for MPPT control along with doubly fed induction-generator-based wind energy conversion system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Three statistical methods are used to evaluate the accuracy of each MPPT algorithm. All results are analyzed and compared under randomly selected wind as well as real wind speed configuration. Comparison of both numerical and simulation results under two different varying wind speed conditions strongly suggest that the proposed ABC-based MPPT algorithm is superior than other two MPPT algorithms.     

Integrated urban water management modelling under climate change scenarios

The concept of integrated water management is uncommon in urban areas, unless there is a shortage of supply and severe conflicts among the users competing for limited water resources. Further, problem of water management in urban areas will aggravate due to uncertain climatic events. Therefore, an Integrated Urban Water Management Model considering Climate Change (IUWMCC) has been presented which is suitable for optimum allocation of water from multiple sources to satisfy the demands of different users under different climate change scenarios. Effect of climate change has been incorporated in non-linear mathematical model of resource allocation in term of climate change factors. These factors have been developed using runoff responses corresponding to base and future scenario of climate. Future scenarios have been simulated using stochastic weather generator (LARS-WG) for different IPCC climate change scenarios i.e. A1B, A2 and B1. Further, application of model has been demonstrated for a realistic water supply system of Ajmer urban fringe (India). Developed model is capable in developing adaptation strategies for optimum water resources planning and utilization in urban areas under different climate change scenarios.     

全自动漏斗吸嘴式粉尘发生装置样机研制

基于粉尘浓度测定和粉尘分布规律、运移规律和沉降规律研究的需要,在气溶胶粉尘发生器的基础上,设计了由计算机控制的全自动漏斗吸嘴式粉尘发生装置.提出了该装置的设计原理、设计结构及运行操作方法.基于C++设计了该装置的控制程序软件包,利用软件包中的驱动控制程序,实现了在计算机上对粉尘发生装置的远程遥控.监测传感器可及时发现吸嘴口是否出现粉尘堵塞,故障传感器同步监测步进电机和搅拌电机,通过微型计算机分析故障并发出相应控制指令.操作过程中,通过对圈数、时长、粉尘用量和密度的设置,可发生1种或多种粒径粉尘,控制发尘浓度、分散度,实现粉尘连续供给.通过发尘效果检验,得出在不同作业工序下,无论是连续产尘的喷浆、凿岩作业,还是瞬间产尘的爆破作业,该装置都具有较好的模拟产尘效果,产尘的分散度、浓度与现场实测值基本一致,表明该装置的粉尘粒度分布控制、产尘流量控制等技术达到了预期效果,可为研究粉尘相关特性试验提供稳定可靠、数量可控的粉尘源.     

Improved Weather Generator Algorithm for Multisite Simulation of Precipitation and Temperature

The KnnCAD Version 4 weather generator algorithm for nonparametric, multisite simulations of temperature and precipitation data is presented. The K‐nearest neighbor weather generator essentially reshuffles the historical data, with replacement. In KnnCAD Version 4, a block resampling scheme is introduced to preserve the temporal correlation structure in temperature data. Perturbation of the reshuffled variable data is also added to enhance the generation of extreme values. The Upper Thames River Basin in Ontario, Canada is used as a case study and the model is shown to simulate effectively the historical characteristics at the site. The KnnCAD Version 4 approach is shown to improve on the previous versions of the model and offers a major advantage over many parametric and semiparametric weather generators in that multisite use can be easily achieved without making statistical assumptions dealing with the spatial correlations and probability distributions of each variable.     

美国NIST元素汞发生器的基准溯源传递方法

综述了美国NIST元素汞发生器的基准溯源传递方法,通过在输出的汞标准气体中混合加入已知高纯度的201Hg0气体（201Hg2＋标准溶液还原雾化）,并采用同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体/质谱法（IDICP/MS）测量加标后201Hg/202Hg同位素丰度比例,计算出待溯源元素汞发生器输出的Hg0 质量浓度.该过程实现了从元素汞一级标准物质SRM 3133到201Hg2＋标准溶液,再到元素汞发生器输出标准气体的溯源传递,完成了从NIST元素汞基准到仪器供应商生产基准的一级溯源传递,为建立符合我国需求的元素汞溯源传递方法和形成元素汞发生器溯源传递能力提供借鉴.     

蓄热式高温空气制备特性研究

在自行研制的蓄热式高温带压蒸气发生器上开展了高温空气制备实验。主要对不同换向周期及一个换向周期内工况条件下的高温空气的生产特性进行了研究,相应地,对不同换向周期条件下的高温带压蒸汽发生器的热回收效率进行了计算。结果表明:以空气为介质时30 s的换向周期为最佳换向周期。随着换向周期的增大,热回收效率快速降低。在一个切换周期内,随着换热时间的延长,空气预热温度逐渐降低,排烟温度总体较低,蓄热体对烟气热量的吸收效果良好。     

Effectiveness of Multi‐Site Weather Generator for Hydrological Modeling1

Khalili, Malika, François Brissette, and Robert Leconte, 2011. Effectiveness of Multi‐site Weather Generator for Hydrological Modeling. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00514.x Abstract: A multi‐site weather generator has been developed using the concept of spatial autocorrelation. The multi‐site generation approach reproduces the spatial autocorrelations observed between a set of weather stations as well as the correlations between each pair of stations. Its performance has been assessed in two previous studies using both precipitation and temperature data. The main objective of this paper is to assess the efficiency of this multi‐site weather generator compared to a uni‐site generator with respect to hydrological modeling. A hydrological model, known as Hydrotel, was applied over the Chute du Diable watershed, located in the Canadian province of Quebec. The distributed nature of Hydrotel accounts for the spatial variations throughout the watershed, and thus allows a more in‐depth assessment of the effect of spatially dependent meteorological input on runoff generation. Simulated streamflows using both the multi‐site and uni‐site generated weather data were statistically compared to flows modeled using observed data. Overall, the hydrological modeling using the multi‐site weather generator significantly outperformed that using the uni‐site generator. This latter combined to Hydrotel resulted in a significant underestimation of extreme streamflows in all seasons.