小分子有机醇强化过硫酸盐氧化水中二苯甲酮-3的研究

探究了小分子有机醇对过二硫酸盐(Peroxydisulfate, PDS)氧化降解二苯甲酮-3(Benzophenone-3, BP-3)的强化作用及反应机制.研究结果表明,4种有机醇(甲醇、丙醇、乙二醇和丙三醇)均在一定浓度范围内能有效促进过硫酸盐氧化降解BP-3,BP-3的降解速率随醇类分子碳链长度和羟基数目的增加而增加,增强效果依次为丙三醇>乙二醇>丙醇>甲醇.在低添加量时(21.9~350 μmol·L^-1),有机醇的添加增加了BP-3降解速率,但随着醇量的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,例如丙三醇添加量从21.9 μmol·L^-1增加到87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解动力学常数从2.91×10^-4 s^-1提高到3.58×10^-4 s^-1,增加了0.23倍;但加入过多的醇却抑制了BP-3的降解,例如丙三醇添加量从87.6 μmol·L^-1进一步增加到350 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解速率降低29.0%(2.54×10^-4 s^-1).反应温度也能有效促进醇的强化作用,温度从40 ℃升至60 ℃,添加丙三醇87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3的降解速率常数从6.84×10^-6 s^-1提高至6.69×10^-4 s^-1,提高了96.8倍.小分子有机醇主要是通过与·OH反应产生醇自由基,进一步激活过硫酸盐产生SO₄^·-,显著增加了SO₄^·-的产率,从而加速过硫酸盐降解BP-3的效率.     

对羟基脱硫实验中一些影响因素的研究

利用强电离放电方法将气体中大部分O2、N2、H2O等气体分子电离后加工成高浓度的羟基(OH#B)自由基,在120℃、不用外加催化剂、吸收剂条件下,在等离子体反应器内将SO2直接氧化成H2SO4雾,再用电收雾器加以回收。实验数据表明气体中SO2原始浓度、含水量以及折合电场强度等因素对脱硫率的影响很大。在SO2原始浓度为792×10-6(v/v),流量为0.1m3/h,含水量为3.6%(v/v),折合电场强度为370Td时,SO2脱除率达到了100%。     

脉冲放电处理苯酚废水降解过程的分析

由于水中脉冲放电产生等离子体通道,水会发生复杂的等离子体化学反应,产生各种自由基,本文检测到放电形成的羟基自由基.对苯酚废水进行放电降解研究,利用紫外分光计、有机碳分析仪、液相质谱联用仪和气相质谱仪等仪器对降解产物进行检验.结果表明,苯酚废水在放电作用下生成的中间产物为:多羟基苯酚、酮、醛和酯等,最终产物为二氧化碳和水.此结果对苯酚废水在脉冲放电,甚至直流或交流电下的苯酚降解机理的进一步研究有参考价值.     

树脂负载草酸铁光助类芬顿降解水中孔雀石绿

为了强化多相类芬顿反应的速率,在可见光下采用以草酸盐为配体的三价铁草酸络合物(Fe~(3+)C_2O_4/R)为催化剂催化过氧化氢降解水中孔雀石绿.结果表明,与Fe~(3+)/R相比催化剂Fe~(3+)C_2O_4/R具有更强的催化活性,能强化羟基自由基(·OH)的产生. 过氧化氢的初始浓度越高,反应速率越快,反应遵循一级反应动力学,反应速率常数与过氧化氢浓度具有很好的相关性.在pH值3～9的范围内,催化剂Fe~(3+)C_2O_4/R都能有效地对MG进行降解,最佳pH值为6.随着催化剂投量的增加,MG的去除效率明显提高.随着MG初始浓度的增加,MG的去除也由吸附为主转化为以氧化为主,但总体影响不大.催化剂重复使用后仍然具有较好的催化活性,说明铁在树脂表面负载比较牢固,催化剂具有反复使用的能力.反应中的氧化活性物种是羟基自由基和高价态铁同时共存.     

无机阴离子对CuO-H2O2氧化苯酚废水的影响

以苯酚为模型底物,研究了中性低温常压条件下无机阴离子对CuO-H₂O₂氧化苯酚废水的影响及机制.结果表明,CuO-H₂O₂能高效彻底氧化苯酚,10 min氧化率达94.7%,氧化遵循羟基自由基机制.无机阴离子对氧化效果有不同影响,浓度越高影响越显著.HCO^-₃加速H₂O₂的无效分解,当浓度从0增加到20 mmol·L^-1 时,H₂O₂分解速率常数由0.373 8 min^-1提高到0.534 7 min^-1,TOC去除速率常数由0.267 min^-1下降到0.019 4 min^-1.HPO^2-₄通过抑制H₂O₂分解实现对苯酚的氧化抑制,H₂O₂分解速率常数及TOC去除速率常数分别由0.373 8 min^-1、0.267 min^-1降低到0.033 8 min^-1、 0.033 8 min^-1.Cl^-能够促进H₂O₂有效分解,对苯酚氧化有利,H₂O₂分解速率常数及TOC去除速率常数分别由0.373 8 min^-1、0.267 min^-1提高到0.604 0 min^-1、0.387 9 min^-1.NO^-₃、SO^2-₄对H₂O₂的分解及苯酚的氧化影响不大.     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural water

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in the changing of their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water system. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural water. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS (·OH, 1O2, HO2·/O2·-) which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents (such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes) in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance (ESR) test were used for the determine the characterization of generated ROS. It was found that ·OH was photochemically produced with the presence of nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes and 1O2 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of ·OH was 1.27×10-14 mol/L in nitrate ion, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ·OH was 1.01×1010L/( mol·s).     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species in natural water

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment.ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants,therefore resulting in changes in their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water systems.Bisphenol A(BPA),an endocrine-disrupting chemical,exits widely in natural waters.The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS(.OH,1O2,HO2./O2·-),which were produced on the excitation of ubiquito...     

水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８降解敌草隆的研究

对水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8降解敌草隆的方法进行了研究.在综合考虑经济性和降解率的前提下,提出了反应的最佳条件:K2S2O8初始浓度为2.0 mmol·L-1, Fe(Ⅱ)初始浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1, EDTA初始浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1,反应时间为300 min, pH=7.0,最终0.1 mmol·L-1,敌草隆降解率可达67.6%.同时,采用分子探针竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基,并采用LC/MS法鉴定了敌草隆的主要降解产物,从而探讨了敌草隆在EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8体系中可能的降解途径.     

Production and contribution of hydroxyl radicals between the DSA anode and water interface

Hydroxyl radicals play the key role during electrochemical oxidation and photoelectrochemical oxidation. The production and e ect of hydroxyl radicals on the interface between DSA anode and water was investigated by examining the quenching e ect of iso-propanol on Orange II decolorization. We observed that with an increase in electrode potential from 4 to 12 V across electrodes at pH 7.0, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals increased dramatically. More OH radicals were produced in acidic and alkaline conditions than at neutral conditions. At electrode potential of 4 V, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals was obviously higher at near neutral pH conditions, while removal e ciency of Orange II achieved was the lowest concurrently. Finally, for photocatalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and photoelectrochemical oxidation using the same DSA electrode, the e ect of hydroxyl radicals proved to be dominant in photocatalytic oxidation but the contribution of hydroxyl radicals was not dominant in electrochemical oxidation, which implies the necessity of UV irradiation for electrochemical oxidation during water treatment.     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of pentachlorophenol based on superoxide radicals

Pentachlorophenol could be photocatalytically reduced with superoxide radicals in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation.