降低城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施建设与运行费用的本土化方法研究

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术是比较完善的城市生活垃圾处理与资源综合利用方法 ,其推广应用的困难在于建设与运行费用较高。本文分析费用较高的原因 ,提出设备本土化是最好的降低费用方法 ,并分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设备本土化的基础、必要性、可行方案、成功实例以及现行政策及发展趋向 ,可供城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施建设、运行方案及相关政策决策人员参考     

城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中二次污染物的生成与控制

在我国 ,采用焚烧法处理城市固体垃圾 ,逐渐得到推广和应用。然而焚烧带来的二次污染物 ,如二、细颗粒、重金属、HCl以及SOx、NOx 等也随之引起了广泛关注。对垃圾焚烧过程中各种二次污染物的产生机理及其控制方法进行了综述。并且指出近期我国城市固体垃圾焚烧烟气污染物的重点控制对象应为颗粒物、HCl、SOx 和NOx。     

A new approach for biological online testing of stack gas condensate from municipal waste incinerators

A biological testing system for the monitoring of stack gas condensates of municipal waste incinerators has been developed using Euglena gracilis as a test organism. The motility, velocity and cellular form of the organisms were the endpoints, calculated by an image analysis system. All endpoints showed statistically significant changes in a short time when organisms were exposed to samples collected during combustion situations with increased pollutant concentrations. The velocity of the organisms proved to be the most appropriate endpoint. A semi-continuous system with E. gracilis for monitoring stack gas condensate is proposed, which could result in an online system for testing stack gas condensates in the future.     

The effect of inorganic and organic chlorine on formation of highly chlorinated organic compounds during incineration: Laboratory pilot study

Aliphatic liquid as a basic fuel was incinerated in a laboratory scale pilot plant. Inorganic chlorine and organic chlorine mixed with basic fuel were used as additive chemicals. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and tetrachloroethylene (C₂Cl₄) were used as the sources of inorganic and organic chlorine. Combustion parameters were adjusted for optimum combustion and, consequently, the amount of particles in flue gases was low. The concentrations of chlorine in flue gases were high enough for possible formation reactions of organic chlorinated compounds in all of the chlorine input tests. An increase in chlorine input did not significantly increase the amounts of highly chlorinated organic compounds, like PCDD/Fs. The main result was that chlorophenol concentrations increased in parallel with organic chlorine input. Comparing organic chlorine to inorganic chlorine tests showed that more highly substituted PCDD/F congeners were formed when organic chlorine was the additive chlorine source. The formation of highly chlorinated organic compounds such as PCDD/Fs requires not only chlorine and aliphatic fuel to be formed, but some catalysts are also needed.     

染料工业废水零排放的可行性研究

染料废水是目前难治理的工业废水之一.通过对某染料厂还原蓝生产废水的研究,提出了利用残余硫酸制取硫酸亚铁水处理剂,滤渣在一般锅炉内焚烧的综合利用和治理工艺.从而探索和实践了少污染,回收利用等综合治理污染的工艺,力求尝试一种"零排放"和"绿色化学"的化工生产过程.     

垃圾焚烧发电的应用前景分析及应对措施

介绍了城市生活垃圾的危害和处置方式，通过对各种处置方式存在问题的比较，得出垃圾焚烧发电前景广阔，符合垃圾利用减量化、资源化、无害化的利用原则。同时对垃圾焚烧发电的应用提出了一些应对措施。     

污泥焚烧残渣制备水处理药剂研究

利用污泥焚烧残渣制备水处理药剂,这方面还未见报道.某市污水处理厂污泥焚烧残渣是以Fe2O3和CaSO4为主的无机矿物质,选用以盐酸为主、硫酸为辅的混酸体系(H 摩尔浓度在7 moL/L以上,每千克残渣用H 为21～25 mol,浓硫酸与浓盐酸体积比是7%～13%).研究结果表明,在反应温度为110～120℃、反应时间在2.5 h、液固比大于2.0 mL/g的情况下,1 kg污泥焚烧残渣能制备得到酸度较小、含铁量略大于28 g/L的水处理药剂10 L,该药剂能应用于该市污水处理厂的生化处理出水.     

城市下水污泥焚烧过程中二次污染物排放特性的试验研究

在0．15MWt循环流化床燃烧试验台上进行了城市下水污泥与煤的混烧试验，分析了烟气中的二次污染物排放特性。分析结果表明，利用循环流化床焚烧城市下水污泥时，添加辅助燃料（如煤）及改变焚烧条件，不仅可以达到稳定燃烧的目的，而且有利于抑制焚烧中二次污染物（如CO及二恶英等有机污染物）的生成。分析了焚烧污泥污染物的排放特性。为采用焚烧方式处理城市下水污泥提供了基础性试验数据。     

Control of mercury vapor emissions from combustion flue gas

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Mercury (Hg) emission from combustion flue gas is a significant environmental concern due to its toxicity and high volatility. A number of the research efforts have been carried out in the past decade exploiting mercury emission, monitoring and control from combustion flue gases. Most recently, increasing activities are focused on evaluating the behavior of mercury in coal combustion systems and developing novel Hg control technologies. This is partly due to the new regulatory requirement on mercury emissions from coal-fired combustors to be enacted under the U.S. Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The aim of this review work is to better understand the state-of-the-art technologies of flue gas mercury control and identify the gaps of knowledge hence areas for further opportunities in research and development. MAIN FEATURES: This paper examines mercury behaviors in combustion systems through a comprehensive review of the available literature. About 70 published papers and reports were cited and studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This paper summarizes the mechanisms of formation of mercury containing compounds during combustion, its speciation and reaction in flue gas, as well as subsequent mobilization in the environment. It also provides a review of the current techniques designed for real-time, continuous emission monitoring (CEM) for mercury. Most importantly, current flue gas mercury control technologies are reviewed while activated carbon adsorption, a technology that offers the greatest potential for the control of gas-phase mercury emissions, is highlighted. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Although much progress has been achieved in the last decade, techniques developed for the monitoring and control of mercury from combustion flue gases are not yet mature and gaps in knowledge exist for further advancement. More R&D efforts are required for the effective control of Hg emissions and the main focuses are identified.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出特性及固化试验的研究

垃圾焚烧飞灰残留有重金属元素和二恶英等物质而被认为是危险废物,必须对之进行稳定化处理.通过试验研究分析了国内首家自主开发成功的广东省东莞市某回转窑垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾焚烧飞灰的化学成分及矿物组成,研究了飞灰的浸出毒性,考察了水泥固化焚烧飞灰的效果,并与熔融/玻璃固化进行了比较.研究表明,该焚烧飞灰中重金属Cd的浸出毒性严重超标,并且随pH值的减小而增大,水泥固化效果随龄期的增大而更加显著.熔融/玻璃固化的效果优于水泥固化,但其经济性有待提高.