基于认知心理学的驾驶员信息加工模式研究

道路交通系统是一个有人参与的复杂系统,人,特别是驾驶员的行为决定了相当一部分系统的性能。而驾驶行为是一个不断往复进行的信息处理过程,对驾驶员的信息加工模式进行研究是道路交通安全与汽车安全设计的核心基础。随着认知工效研究的深入和人工智能的发展,传统的基于刺激(S)-机体(O)-反应(R)的驾驶员信息加工模式,难以满足技术发展的要求。笔者在对交通系统建模与分析的基础上,应用现代认知心理学理论,对驾驶员的信息获取和处理机制进行了研究,建立了驾驶员对某一确定认知对象的信息处理结构模型,并对模型的作用和特点进行了简单的分析。分析结果为驾驶员认知过程研究和相关系统开发设计提供了依据。     

基于可缩放矢量图形(SVG)的应急救援网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)构建

地理信息系统(GIS)平台采购成本高、信息发布缺乏有效通用方法,使利用其进行二次开发的模式难以符合一些应急救援信息系统建设实际需要。万维网联盟制定的可缩放矢量图形(SVG)为解决这些问题提供了契机。在评价SVG作为下一代网络矢量图形开放标准的优势基础上,对如何以SVG为基础构建应急救援网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)进行了深入分析;介绍了用SVG设计应急救援专题电子地图的特色与实现方法,然后针对该专题对基于SVG的WebGIS架构进行了剖析与优化设计,并引入了重大危险源元数据库与应急救援方法库两个概念,最后给出一个重大危险源应急救援信息系统的框架。以该技术建立的应急救援WebGIS无平台依赖性,网络发布与交互便捷,开发具有伸缩性,适合不同层次应用需求。     

加筋高路堤稳定性评价的信息扩散模型

利用模糊信息优化处理的基本理论（模糊近似推论、信息扩散、信息集中），建立了加筋高路堤稳定性的分类及评价其指标的信息矩阵，获得了加筋土高路堤稳定性评价的信息扩散模型。通过对北张沟加筋高填路堤进行的稳定性分析，表明该模型能较全面地考虑加筋高路堤边坡稳定性的影响因素，评价结果合理。     

粗糙集理论在震害预测中的应用

知识约简是粗糙集理论的核心问题。首次尝试将这一概念用于建筑物震害预测工作中，结合震害预测工作的实际，提出了一种基于属性重要性的近似相对约简算法，并通过实例验证了其可行性。所述研究具有理论和现实意义，对今后进行有关抗震防灾工作具有很好的应用价值，并为开展震害预测工作提供了新的研究思路和手段。     

基于GIS的多模式重大危险源监控系统的研究

重大危险源的动态监控是安全保障和环境保护的重要技术环节,地理信息科学与技术的发展为实现重大危险源动态监控奠定了基础。笔者分析GIS在重大危险源现场环境浓度监测与预警、现场应急救援管理、重大危险源信息管理和事故趋势预测等子系统中应用的技术可行性;在扩展重大危险源管理信息系统基本功能的基础上增加监视和控制功能;为青岛市某化肥厂成功开发了具有监视监测、预报预警、应急辅助决策和处置工艺等一系列模块,涵盖安全保障的预防、预警、应急和处置的各个环节的多模式重大危险源监控系统。实现了多参数实时监控、自动预警和应急辅助决策。     

Development of Environmental Indicator Systems: Experiences from Germany

ABSTACT / Environmental indicator systems aim to improve both the information and communication on the state of the environment and the environmental policy making. They have to fulfill scientific, functional and pragmatic requirements, e.g., consideration of ecological context, transparency and reproducibility, comprehensibility, policy relevance, international comparability, and justifiable expenditure. This paper analyzes the experiences made with the development of the German environmental indicator system and draws general conclusions toward further improvements. For Germany, an indicator system has been developed that uses the pressure-state-response approach proposed by the OECD, together with a classification in 14 environmental themes. According to the general requirements, the main criteria used for selecting the indicators are the ecological significance of the indicator, its quantifiability and data availability, and its comprehensibility and policy relevance. Altogether, about 140 indicators are selected. This high number stresses the need for further high-level aggregation, e.g., using methods developed for the valuation process in LCA. Further improvement is also needed, especially for the development of response indicators and in the area of data systematization.     

Optimal allocation procedure in ranked set sampling for unimodal and multi-modal distributions

This paper presents a ranked set sample allocation procedure that is optimal for a number of nonparametric test procedures. We define a function that measures the amount of information provided by each observation given the actual joint ranking of all the units in a set. The optimal ranked set sample allocates order statistics by maximizing this information function. This paper shows that the optimal allocation of order statistics in a ranked set sample is determined by the location of the mode(s) of the underlying distribution. For unimodal, symmetric distributions, optimal allocation always quantifies the middle observation(s). If the underlying distribution with cdf F is a multi-modal distribution with modes , then the optimal allocation procedure quantifies observations at in a set of size m. We provide similar results for unimodal, asymmetric distributions. We also propose a new sign test which considers the relative positions of the quantified observations from the same cycle in a ranked set sample. The proposed sign test provides improvement in the Pitman efficiency over the ranked set sample sign test of Hettmansperger (1995). It is shown that the information optimal allocation procedure induced by Pitman efficiency is equivalent to the optimal allocation procedure induced by the information criteria. We show that the finite sample distribution of the proposed test based on this optimal design is binomial.     

信息电子装备高可靠性设计方法思考

信息战已迅速成为现代战争的主角,拥有先进智能的信息系统,即可取得战场主动权和赢得作战制高点。性能先进和稳定可靠的信息装备,将成为推动其发展的原动力。我国传统信息装备面临可靠性低、体积质量大、功耗高等问题,制约着其作战效能的发挥,而尤其对于未来空天一体、网络一体的信息作战,这些问题将更加突出。提出了信息装备综合化、集成化的设计思路,以期达到提高装备可靠性,满足未来战争对信息电子装备高可靠性的需求。     

化工企业突发事件信息传递效能模糊综合评价

在分析化工企业突发事件信息传递影响因素的基础上,初步建立了信息传递效能评价指标体系,并运用模糊综合评价方法通过实例进行计算和分析,结果表明该指标体系及评价方法适用于化工企业突发事件信息传递效能的评价。     

县级环境信息现状特点与发展探讨

通过对县级环境信息现状特点的分析阐述,对今后县级环境信息中心的发展进行了探讨。