硫代硫酸钠对排硫硫杆菌固碳能力的影响及其作用机制

通过测定不同浓度Na_2S_2O_3·5H_2O培养时排硫硫杆菌(DSM 505)菌液的总有机碳浓度(TOC),分析Na_2S_2O_3·5H_2O对排硫硫杆菌固碳能力的影响,并结合各浓度Na_2S_2O_3·5H_2O条件下固碳关键酶Rubis CO编码基因cbb的转录特性和胞外游离有机碳浓度(EFOC),阐明Na_2S_2O_3·5H_2O影响排硫硫杆菌固碳能力的作用机制.结果表明,适当范围内增加Na_2S_2O_3·5H_2O的浓度能显著提高排硫硫杆菌的固碳能力,降低胞外游离有机碳在总有机碳中所占的比例.cbb基因转录特性分析结果表明,Na_2S_2O_3·5H_2O浓度对cbb基因的转录效率和表达模式均无显著影响.因此推测Na_2S_2O_3·5H_2O影响排硫硫杆菌固碳能力的作用机制可能是作为电子供体提供能量,促进细胞骨架合成,从而削弱胞外游离有机碳对排硫硫杆菌自养过程的抑制作用,进而增强固碳能力.     

基于木质素磺酸钙的湿式除尘系统氢气爆炸事故控制措施研究

为了减少湿式除尘系统发生氢气爆炸事故的可能性,提出通过抑制湿式除尘系统中铝粉与水反应的方法来从本质上加以控制。选取木质素磺酸钙为抑制剂,利用研发的金属粉与水反应产生氢气测试仪进行氢气抑制实验,得出不同浓度木质素磺酸钙溶液随时间变化的抑氢曲线,表明木质素磺酸钙能较好地抑制铝粉和水反应产生氢气。使用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱法（Fourier Transform Infrared,FTIR）对铝粉与木质素磺酸钙溶液反应后的产物进行表征,研究木质素磺酸钙的抑制机理。研究结果表明:可以将木质素磺酸钙应用到铝制品抛光打磨场所的湿式除尘系统中,从而降低氢气爆炸事故发生的可能性。     

用蛋白磷酸酶抑制法测定水体中的微囊藻毒素类物质

建立了一种灵敏的测定水体中微囊藻毒素类物质的方法。从鱼肝脏中分离的蛋白磷酸酶２Ａ被微囊藻毒素抑制，并且抑制与毒素剂量相关，抑制模式表现为典型的Ｓ型曲线。根据末知样品存在时蛋白磷酸酶的相对活力，可由本研究得出的标准曲线及公式，计算样品中可能存在的微囊藻毒素类物质。研究表明，在一年的观测周期内，即使没有可见的水华发生，东湖及鱼池中仍有可检测出微囊藻毒素类物质。     

模拟海水环境中8-羟基喹啉对B10铜合金的缓蚀行为研究

目的 研究模拟海水环境中8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)对B10铜合金的缓蚀行为.方法 采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和失重法等手段,研究不同浓度8-HQ在1 mol/L NaCl溶液中对铜合金的缓蚀效果,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对铜合金表面的锈层成分进行分析.结果 中时,其自腐蚀电流密度减小,阻抗模值增大.随着8-HQ浓度的升高,8-HQ对铜合金的缓蚀效率表现出先升高、后下降的阶段性特征.当铜合金浸泡在10 mg/L 8-HQ的NaCl溶液中时,阻抗模值和缓蚀效率随着浸泡时间的延长总体表现出增大的趋势.同时,对锈层的红外光谱分析进一步证明了Cu(8-HQ)2的存在.结论 8-HQ的存在减小了铜合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率,这与8-HQ在铜合金表面形成了保护膜,阻止氧从溶液中向阴极区域迁移有关.当8-HQ的质量浓度为10 mg/L时,其对铜合金的缓蚀效果最佳,并且该浓度下铜合金的耐腐蚀性能随着浸泡时间的延长持续上升.主要原因是8-HQ和Cu2+形成的[Cu(Ⅱ)HQ]络合膜与不断增厚的CuCl2保护膜在铜合金表面产生协同作用,从而抑制了电极的腐蚀反应.     

农药残毒速测箱的研制和应用

近年来,因食用受农药严重污染的蔬菜水果而造成的急性中毒事故屡有发生.为了保障消费者健康,必须加强农药残留的检测.目前普遍使用的气相色谱法是一种较好的分离测试技术.但因耗费的时间长,不能及时得出结果,难以起到保护消费者健康的作用.因此,迫切需要解决快速检测的问题.文献[1],[2]报道了用化学显色试纸法测定蔬菜中六六六和DDT,但此法不能测定有机磷(OPs)和氨基甲酸酯类农药.美国1985年研制出一种称之为农药检测器(Detector)的酶片(Enzyme Ticket),用来检测水中OPs和氨基甲酸酯农药,其灵敏度在0.1—10ppm范围.在国内尚未见到有类似报道.     

New insight into scale inhibition during tea brewing: Ca2+/Mg2+ complexing and alkalinity consumption

Scale not only affects the taste and color of water, but also increases the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with drinking it. As a popular beverage, tea is rich many substances that have considerable potential for scale inhibition, including protein, tea polyphenols and organic acids. In this study, the effect of tea brewing on scale formation was explored. It was found that the proteins, catechins and organic acids in tea leaves could be released when the green tea was brewed in water with sufficient hardness and alkalinity. The tea-released protein was able to provide carboxyl groups to chelate with calcium ions (Ca²⁺), preventing the Ca²⁺ from reacting with the carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻). The B rings of catechins were another important structure in the complexation of Ca²⁺ and magnesium ions (Mg²⁺). The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the organic acids was able to form five-membered chelating rings with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, resulting in a significant decrease in Ca²⁺ from 100.0 to 60.0 mg/L. Additionally, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) provided by the organic acids consumed and decreased the alkalinity of the water from 250.0 to 131.4 mg/L, leading to a remarkable reduction in pH from 8.93 to 7.73. It further prevented the bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) from producing CO₃²⁻ when the water was heated. The reaction of the tea constituents with the hardness and alkalinity inhibited the formation of scale, leading to a significant decrease in turbidity from 10.6 to 1.4 NTU. Overall, this study provides information to help build towards an understanding of the scale inhibition properties of tea and the prospects of tea for anti-scaling in industrial applications.     

有机/无机缓蚀剂在模拟混凝土孔隙液中对钢筋缓蚀作用对比研究

目的检测和评价五种有机/无机缓蚀剂在含3.5%NaCl的模拟混凝土孔隙液(SCP)中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀效果。方法采用动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试方法。结果综合评价后可知,0.0015 mol/L的D-葡萄糖酸钠具有最好的缓蚀效果,浸泡30 d后的Rct可达到282.7^4×104Ω·cm^2,此时的IE为99.99%,对Q235碳钢在模拟海水混凝土孔隙液中的腐蚀具有最佳应用价值。结论各缓蚀剂均存在最优浓度/配比,可使钢筋在含Cl-的SCP溶液中的点蚀电位(Eb)和电荷转移电阻(Rct)显著提高,且缓蚀效率(IE)随浸泡时间的延长而增大。     

Electrokinetic movement of multiple chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils in the presence of β-cyclodextrin

This study investigated the electrokinetic (EK) behavior of multiple chlorobenzenes, including 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (i-TeCB), and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in contaminated clayed soils. The effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the EK removal of the chlorobenzenes was studied. The largest removal was obtained when Na2CO3/NaHCO3 buffer was used as anodic purging solution without β-CD. The removal efficiencies were related to the aqueous solubilities of chlorobenzenes. With the same cumulative electroosmotic flow, greater solubility led to higher removal efficiency. The addition of β-CD inhibited the EK removal efficiency of all chlorobenzenes. The inhibition increased with the increase of β-CD concentration. With the same β-CD concentration, the inhibition increased with the rise of electric potential. It was found that the inclusion compounds between β-CD and chlorobenzenzes were less soluble than chlorobenzenes. The formation of the less soluble inclusion compounds reduced the aqueous solubility of chlorobenzenes and led to the partial immobilization of the chlorobenzenes that desorbed from soil. It was feasible to use the EK technology to remove chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils using water as the anodic flushing solution. The addition of β-CD was not recommended for the EK removal of chlorobenzenes.     

植物酶抑制技术用于检测蔬菜中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

应用植物酶抑制技术检测蔬菜中的有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药。用小柱对样品进行预处理，可去除叶绿素的干扰、提高检测灵敏度。提出了抑制率阈值（15％）。应用本方法对市售蔬菜的农药残留进行了调查，检出率约为10％。