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91.
基于流域分析方法的湖泊水污染综合防治研究 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9
鉴于流域思想在水污染防治中应用的重要性和必要性,提出了以流域保护方法、流域分析和景观生态学相关理论为基础的流域分析方法该方法将湖泊-流域水污染综合防治的主要内容界定为4部分:子流域划分与污染负荷预测,"源-途径-末端-汇"的污染防治工程和管理方案体系设计,备选技术方案的提出和方案优选,污染负荷的削减率计算和综合方案设计.以四川省邛海流域为例,在将流域划分为6个子流域的基础上,对TP入湖污染负荷进行了计算和预测,并识别出各子流域内污染物的贡献率,分区提出了以水土流失防治、点源和面源控制、河道生态修复、河流入湖口治理和内源疏浚为主体的污染防治方案,该方案可削减TP 22.5 t·a-1,达到了预期目标. 相似文献
92.
We formally study the determinants, magnitude and distribution of efficiency gains generated in multilateral linkages between permit markets. We provide two novel decomposition results for these gains, characterize individual preferences over linking groups and show that our results are largely unaltered with strategic domestic emissions cap selection or when banking and borrowing are allowed. Using the Paris Agreement pledges and power sector emissions data of five countries which all use or considered using both emissions trading and linking, we quantify the efficiency gains. We find that the computed gains can be sizable and are split roughly equally between effort and risk sharing. 相似文献
93.
采用O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对某石化企业含盐废水的二级生化出水进行处理,考察了不同反应体系下的反应时间、O_3流量、H_2O_2投加量对COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对石化含盐废水的处理效果最好;在臭氧流量为40 m L/min、H_2O_2投加量为50 mg/L、催化剂投加量为300 g/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下,COD去除率为51.4%,出水COD为52.0 mg/L,达到GB31570—2015《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的要求。 相似文献
94.
A study of allozyme spectra has been performed in dandelion cenopopulations growing for a long time under conditions of chemical pollution (the zone of the Nizhnii Tagil Metallurgical Plant, NTMP) or radioactive contamination (the zone of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace, EURT). Cenopopulations from the NTMP and EURT zones and from the background area differ significantly in the qualitative and quantitative composition of allozyme phenes. An analysis of clonal diversity has shown that all cenopopulations are phenogenetically unique. The genesis of each cenopopulation proceeded in a specific way: they had different sets of progenitor plants, whose descendants varied genetically in the course of their reproduction and more or less successful colonization of habitats, undergoing selection under the impact of natural environmental factors and technogenic stress. An increased variability of enzyme systems, compared to the sample from the background area, and, as a consequence, reduced clonal diversity may be regarded as a trait common to populations exposed to chemical or radiation stress. 相似文献
95.
The treatment of solid waste in controlled composting facilities is an important possibility for reducing garbage. Natural and synthetic polymeric materials can be used for many purposes, for example, as packaging materials, where compostability is required. A prerequisite for official regulations and the decision as to which materials may be composted is investigations on their biodegradability and the quality of the compost produced. Several standardization groups at the ISO, CEN, and DIN are developing definitions, test methods, and classification systems for differentiating compostable from noncompostable materials. The concept which will be standardized and used in Germany is described in detail. It includes characterization of the test material, determination of the biodegradability using laboratory tests such as simple aquatic batch tests and a controlled aerobic composting test, investigation of the disintegration of the test material in industrial or bench-scale composting facilities, and finally, chemical and ecotoxicological analysis of the compost produced. 相似文献
96.
The autoradiographic labelling of different cell types in chorionic villi and decidual tissue was investigated after [3H]-thymidine incorporation in vitro. Although the extent of labelling was found to be lower in decidual than in villus tissue the possibility that direct chromosome preparations may contain maternal metaphases should be considered. The need for careful selection of villi for direct cytogenetic analysis was stressed. 相似文献
97.
The effects of NaCI stress on the H^+-ATPase, H^+-PPase activity and lipid composition of plasma membrane(PM) and tonoplast(TP) vesicles isolated from roots and leaves of two soybean cultivars( Glycine max L. ) differing in salt tolerance(Wenfeng^7,salt-tolerant; Union, salt-sensitive) were investigated. When Wenfeng^7 was treated with 0.3% (W/V) NaCI for 3 d, the H^+ -ATP aseactivities in PM and TP from roots and leaves exhibited a reduction and an enhancement, respectively. The H^+ -PPase activity in TP from roots also increased. Similar effects were not observed in roots of Union. In addition, the increases of phospholipid content and ratios of phospholipid to galactolipid in PM and TP from roots and leaves of Wenfeng^7 may also change membrane permeability and hence affect salt tolerance. 相似文献
98.
99.
目的明确低含H2S工况下,110SS钢在超临界CO2相中的适用性及腐蚀行为。方法利用高温高压反应釜对高温高压低含H2S气井的井底腐蚀工况进行模拟,采用腐蚀失重法获取腐蚀速率,结合激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对腐蚀行为进行分析研究。结果在141℃、13.3 MPa CO2分压、1.33 kPa H2S分压工况下,110SS在含饱和水的超临界中均呈现均匀腐蚀特征,腐蚀速率为0.017 mm/a,腐蚀轻微,CO2腐蚀占主导地位。基体表面腐蚀产物膜分布并不均匀,呈水珠状分布,产物膜为单层结构,腐蚀产物以碳酸亚铁为主,含少量H2S腐蚀产物,且H2S腐蚀多集中于水珠状区域内部。腐蚀产物膜由不连续的晶粒构成,部分部位基体直接暴露于腐蚀性介质中,对基体的保护有限。结论以0.125 mm/a作为油套管选材标准,对于仅含凝析水,无积水问题的气井,可选用110SS管材作为油套管材质(温度≤141℃,CO2分压≤13.3 MPa,H2S分压≤1.33 kPa,Cl^–质量浓度≤4646 mg/L)。 相似文献
100.
溶液中阴离子对UV/H2O2降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠的影响及其机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了UV/H2O2工艺对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)的去除效果、溶液中阴离子对LAS降解的影响及机理.结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效地去除水中的LAS;在H2O2投加量为8 mg/L,14 W低压汞灯照射下,LAS在蒸馏水和自来水中的反应速率常数分别为0.018 0 、0.012 2 min-1;NO-3、Cl-、SO2-4和HCO-3对LAS光降解有抑制作用,当该4种离子摩尔浓度均分别为5、10、15 mmol/L时,对LAS光降解的抑制程度为HCO-3》NO-3》Cl-》SO2-4,且随着离子摩尔浓度的增大,抑制作用增强;LAS在自来水中的反应速率常数低于在蒸馏水中的反应速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果. 相似文献