重庆环保产业发展现状及趋势

本文分析了重庆市环保产业的发展现状、主要特点及存在的主要问题。并介绍了《重庆市“十一五”环保产业发展规划研究报告》提出的“十一五”环保产业发展目标、重点和任务，介绍了重庆环保产业发展的总体目标、发展趋势，2010年重庆市环保产业发展的经济目标和重点投资项目，以及保障环产业产业发展的政策措施。     

中小企业安全投资状况的调查与分析

近年来,我国中小企业的安全生产问题十分突出,重特大事故频发。导致当前中小企业安全生产形势严峻的主要原因之一,是企业安全投资欠账太多。笔者对江苏省某市100家中小企业安全生产状况进行了调查,并对取得的若干企业的安全投资数据进行了分析。结果显示:近5年,无论是企业安全总投资,还是企业人均安全投资,均呈现增长趋势,而企业间安全投资水平差距较大;不同行业、不同性质企业的安全投资结构和人均安全投资指标差异明显,建筑行业和原为私营性质的企业应成为政府部门监管的重点;人均安全总投资与工伤事故起数对应相关,通过加大预先的安全投入,可以有效地预防或减少工伤事故。     

趋势面拟合法在煤矿瓦斯地质变量预测中的应用研究

从瓦斯地质学的观点出发,将反映煤层瓦斯基本参数的空间变化规律看做是与其赋存地质条件密切相关的连续函数。结合趋势面拟合及其模型优化的原理和方法分析得出了淮北矿业集团公司芦岭煤矿井田范围内瓦斯含量的变化及分布与其位置坐标的对应数值关系,依据该数值关系可对矿井深部采场和未开采区域实施比较准确、可靠的定量瓦斯预测。该方法也适用于其他具有相似特征的瓦斯地质变量分析。     

地理信息系统与海上溢油模型集成研究

将地理信息系统(GIS)技术与溢油模型进行集成,其优点是能发挥GIS在模型参数获取、空间数据分析与管理、模拟结果可视化等方面的优势,使整个溢油建模过程更为便捷。文中介绍了GIS与溢油模型集成的概念,分析了GIS技术在海上溢油模型中的应用实例,给出了一种GIS与溢油模型的紧密集成方案,讨论了两者集成的发展趋势。     

震害信息遥感获取技术历史、现状和趋势

回顾了基于遥感进行的震害信息获取技术的发展历史,总结了各个遥感技术发展阶段所采用的震害识别技术,对震害识别技术进行了分类,给出了每种分类方法的划分标准和原则,并对每一种震害识别方法的特点进行了分析和评价,指出了其各自的技术关键、优势和不足.根据现行各种识别技术的特点,结合遥感技术发展状况和地震灾害的特点,分析了震害信息获取技术的发展趋势.     

江苏省近47年来的梅雨特征及灾害影响

利用江苏省气象台1954～2000年的梅雨期降水资料，采用趋势分析方法，对江苏省的梅雨变化特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：近47年来江苏省梅雨量年际变化大致可以分为少雨和多雨两个阶段；梅雨的区域分布特征是苏南及沿江地带梅雨量的年波动不及淮北地区；各年份梅雨持续的天数相差极为悬殊，而其降水极值除个别年份外大多低于800mm；梅雨量的丰歉常常决定了江苏省的旱涝总趋势，特别的丰梅年和枯梅年对江苏省农业生产和社会经济发展都带来显著的负面影响。     

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON RIVERS: CONSEQUENCES FOR LONG TERM WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: Associations between the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern and temporal variability in flow and 12 water quality variables were assessed at 77 river sites throughout New Zealand over a 13‐year period (1989 through 2001). Trends in water quality were determined for the same period. All 13 variables showed statistically significant linear regression relationships with values of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The strongest relationships were for water temperature (mean R²= 0.20), dissolved reactive phosphorus (0.18), and oxidized nitrogen (0.17). The association with SOI varied by climate region. The observed patterns were generally consistent with known ENSO effects on New Zealand rainfall and air temperature. Trends in water quality variables for the periods 1989 through 1993, 1994 through 1998, and 1989 through 1998 were reasonably consistent with trends in SOI, even when the influence of river flow was removed from the data. This suggests that SOI effects on water quality are not necessarily a direct consequence of changes in flow associated with rainfall variation. In addition, both Baseline (32 upstream) and Impact (45 downstream) sites showed similar trends, indicating that changes in management were not directly responsible. We conclude that interpretation of long term water quality datasets in rivers requires that climate variability be fully acknowledged and dealt with explicitly in trend analyses.     

DATA ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY TIME SERIES IN LAKE ERIE1

ABSTRACT: A comprehensive data analysis study is carried out for detecting trends and other statistical characteristics in water quality time series measured in Long Point Bay, Lake Erie. In order to glean an optimal amount of useful information from the available data, the exploratory and confirmatory data anslysis stages are adhered to. To test a range of hypotheses regarding the statistical properties of the time series, a wide variety of both parametric and nonparametric techniques are employed. A particularly useful nonparametric method for discovering trends is the seasonal Mann-Kendall test.     

TRENDS IN LEAD CONCENTRATIONS IN MAJOR U.S. RIVERS AND THEIR RELATION TO HISTORICAL CHANGES IN GASOLINE-LEAD CONSUMPTION1

ABSTRACT: Declines in concentrations of dissolved lead occurred at nearly two-thirds of 306 locations on major U.S. rivers from 1974 to 1985. Declines in dissolved lead concentrations are statistically significant (p < 0.10) at approximately one-third of the sampling locations. Statistically significant increases in dissolved lead concentrations occurred at only 6 percent of the sites, but are clustered in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi regions. Possible explanations for the observed trends in lead concentrations are tested through comparisons with (1) records of lead discharges from major sources including leaded-gasoline consumption and municipal- and industrial-point source discharges, (2) trends in various water-quality constituents such as pH and total alkalinity, and (3) basin characteristics such as drainage area. Statistically significant declines in lead concentrations in streams and gasoline lead (i.e., the largest source of lead at these sites) are highly coincident for the 1979 to 1980 period at most sampling locations. The greatest amount of decline in gasoline lead occurred at sites showing statistically significant downtrends in stream concentrations of lead from 1974 to 1985. No more than 5 percent of the trends in stream lead are influenced by municipal- and industrial-point sources of lead. Factors that affect the transport of dissolved lead, including lead solubility, suspended sediment, and basin characteristics such as drainage basin size, are not significantly related to trends in dissolved lead. Trends in streamflow explain no more than 7 percent of the downtrends in concentrations of lead and may partly explain the frequent increases in lead concentrations in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi regions.     

我国城市污水厂污泥处置途径的选择

分析了我国城市污水厂的污泥特性，结合当前的污染处置技术及其发展趋势，根据国情，提出了近期以及农用为主，填埋，焚烧为补以，面向未来的污泥处置的技术。