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11.
采用生物行为传感器监测青鳉鱼在重金属铜暴露下的行为数据,分析不同暴露浓度(20、10、5、1和0.1 TU)下青鳉鱼的行为响应。20、10、5、1和0.1 TU的暴露浓度下青鳉鱼对重金属污染的行为反应模式符合环境胁迫阈值模型,且不同浓度梯度重金属对青鳉鱼产生不同的行为毒性效应。利用重金属作用下青鳉鱼的行为变化来研究重金属环境胁迫导致的生物行为响应机制,从而得到重金属暴露下生物行为的实时变化过程和趋势,可对水环境生态系统质量进行综合评价。 相似文献
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To investigate the environmental safety of waste disposal landfill sites and of land reclaimed from such sites, we evaluated
the toxicity of leachate from these sites by a combination of bioassays in the Japanese killifish medaka Oryzias latipes. We tested for lethal toxicity in adult and larval medaka and for hatching inhibition of embryos from eggs. As biochemical
evidence of the effects of leachate exposure, CYP1A (EROD activity) and vitellogenin (Vtg) were induced. We also bioassayed
water-treated leachate and downstream river water. Leachate solution was lethal to larval and adult medaka. Embryo hatchability
was inhibited, and abnormal hatching, spinal deformity and anisophthalmia occurred in embryos exposed to leachate solution.
CYP1A was induced by exposure to leachate solution diluted to 1.0%, and EROD activity was significantly higher than in control.
Vtg and unknown proteins were induced in the sera of male medaka exposed to the diluted leachate solution. Conventional water
treatments worked effectively to remove toxic compounds but did not work well to remove element ions, including heavy metals.
Treated leachate produced neither lethal toxicity nor hatching abnormalities during the exposure period. Fish toxicity tests
for leachate would be useful for monitoring the environmental safety of landfill sites. 相似文献
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物理化学方法对镉的监测忽略了其生物可利用性,生物监测可以有效地弥补这种不足。本研究测试了日本青鳉(Ory-zias latipes)胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼对镉的敏感性。结果表明:日本青鳉胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量对镉表现出较高的敏感性,卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量在4μg·L-1的氯化镉暴露后就出现显著降低;氯化镉对卵黄期仔鱼脊柱畸形的EC50低于国家地表水环境质量标准规定的Ⅱ类水标准;脊柱畸形率与镉浓度之间存在的线性关系,可为定量监测镉污染提供理论依据;脊柱畸形可以在48h之内被4μg·L-1的氯化镉极显著地诱导,因此这种潜在的生物监测模型很有希望应用到水环境污染的快速预警中。通过对国内主要水体中镉污染水平的分析发现,卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量变化和脊柱畸形率对部分水体的镉污染可以实现生物监测。因此,利用日本青鳉胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼对低水平镉污染的高度敏感性,能够建立起1种简易廉价并且有效的水环境中低水平镉污染的生物监测模型。 相似文献
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2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二恶英(2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin,TCDD)是一种持久性环境有机污染物质,它在有机体内的蓄积性引起研究人员的重视。以青鳉胚胎作为实验动物模型,使用原位杂交和定量聚合酶链锁反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)技术从分子水平探讨了TCDD对胚胎耳泡的发育及其毒性作用机制。结果表明,TCDD造成青鳉幼鱼耳泡生成障碍。通过原位杂交和q PCR分析表明,TCDD引起软骨发育的变化与SOX9b表达降低有密切的关联。研究认为青鳉胚胎是一种非常敏感的TCDD模式动物,其耳泡软骨发育以及SOX9b基因表达可能是一种二恶英发育毒性的效应标记物。 相似文献
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Chon TS Chung N Kwak IS Kim JS Koh SC Lee SK Leem JB Cha EY 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,101(1-3):1-21
Behavioural changes of medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with an anticholinesterase insecticide, diazinon (0.1 mg L- 1), were continuously observed for 4 days in semi-natural conditions. Although variations occurred in individual specimens, the movement tracks appeared differently with typical short-range movement with irregular turns and shaking after the treatments. Eight movement patterns frequently observed before and after the treatments were selected, and the variables characterising the movement patterns were compared quantitatively. The variables were clearly differentiated when the movement patterns were correspondingly matched before and after the treatments (e.g., vertical movements, horizontal movements, etc). Meander and stop duration were highly different among the selected movement patterns. Additionally, different degree of toxic response behaviours could also be detected by quantitative characterisation of the variables. Response behaviour was confirmed with toxicological experiments that show the decrease in the acetylcholine esterase activity in the head and body of specimens. Quantitative investigations on the variables of the movement tracks suggested the usefulness of response behaviour as a monitoring tool for environmental assessment. 相似文献
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溶解性有机碳的主要组成对青鳉鱼铜急性毒性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为揭示溶解性有机碳(DOC)的组成对生物配体模型(BLM)预测铜的生物毒性准确性的影响,研究了不同浓度黄腐酸(FA)、腐殖酸(HA)和两者不同浓度比例混合物影响铜对青鳉急性毒性。结果表明:在相同水质条件下,黄腐酸或腐殖酸浓度增加时,铜对青鳉的LC50均增加;两者共存时,当腐殖酸质量百分比从10%增至90%时,铜对青鳉的LC50也增加。当天然水中DOC的组成不确定时,可假设HA和FA的组成比例为1∶1,此时BLM预测铜对青鳉的LC50的偏差最小。 相似文献
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David L. Fabacher Edward E. Little Gary K. Ostrander 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):69-71
We exposed albino and pigmented medakaOryzias latipes to simulated solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to determine if albino medaka were less tolerant of UVB radiation than medaka
pigmented with melanin. There was no difference in the number of albino and pigmented medaka that died during the exposure
period. Spectrophotometric analyses of the outer dorsal skin layers from albino and pigmented medaka indicated that, prior
to exposure, both groups of fish had similar amounts of an apparent colorless non-melanin photoprotective substance that appears
to protect other fish species from UVB radiation. Our results indicate that albino medaka were as tolerant of UVB radiation
as pigmented medaka because they had similar amounts of this photoprotective substance in the outer layers of the skin. 相似文献
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