典型工业城市夏季VOCs污染特征及反应活性

为研究典型工业城市夏季挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染对环境的影响及成因,利用2020年7月在淄博市城区的VOCs在线监测数据,分析了污染日和清洁日VOCs的污染特征、化学反应活性和臭氧（O₃）污染成因.结果表明,污染日总挥发性有机物（TVOC）小时浓度均值较清洁日高32.5%,分别为（50.6±28.3）μg·m^-3和（38.2±24.9）μg·m^-3,污染日和清洁日各组分贡献率均为：烷烃>芳香烃>烯烃>炔烃,TVOC和O₃浓度日变化均呈现相反的变化趋势.污染日臭氧生成潜势（OFP）、·OH消耗速率（L_·OH）和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势（SOA_p）均高于清洁日,烯烃对OFP和L_·OH贡献最大,芳香烃对SOA_p贡献最大;OFP和SOA_p日变化趋势和TVOC基本一致;化学反应活性优势物种以烯烃和芳香烃类物质居多.VOCs/NO_x法判断污染日和清洁日O₃敏感区属性均处于VOCs控制区和过渡区,而烟雾产量模型法（SPM）诊断污染日O₃敏感区属性在08：00~16：00期间处于VOCs控制区和过渡区交替状态,清洁日各时段均处于VOCs控制区.为减轻该市夏季O₃污染,应加强对VOCs （烯烃和芳香烃）和氮氧化物（NO_x）的协同控制.     

焦化废水后物化处理的臭氧-混凝-吸附原理选择与协同机制

以焦化废水生物出水为研究对象,对比了活性炭吸附、混凝沉淀、臭氧氧化原理及其协同的工艺技术处理效果,考察处理前后废水的分子量分布、紫外可见光谱、三维荧光光谱（EEM）和GC/MS等表征的溶液性质变化.结果表明,废水生物工艺出水的后物化深度处理的最佳组合原理序列为臭氧-混凝-吸附,响应曲面模型预测的最优反应条件为：臭氧反应时间62.56 min,聚合硫酸铁（PFS）投加量为0.87 g·L^-1,以及活性炭投加量为1.10 g·L^-1.实验过程的总有机碳（TOC）去除率达到98.29%,与模拟值98.74%相对偏差为0.45%.活性炭吸附、混凝沉淀和臭氧氧化3种技术原理对焦化废水生物出水中污染物具有选择性分离与转化的作用,组合工艺能够实现废水中残余组分有机物、UV₂₅₄吸光物质、荧光物质等的有效去除,存在废水溶液性质与工艺技术原理有效性协同增强的操作空间.     

臭氧-生物沸石处理有机微污染水研究

研究了臭氧氧化、生物过滤、沸石吸附对微污染水中有机物的不同处理效果和组合工艺的竞争、协同效果。结果表明:对于CODMn为6.30～7.20 mg/L的原水,在臭氧投加量为2.1 mg/L,接触时间为15 min时,CODMn的去除率可达10.8%;沸石吸附对CODMn的平均去除率为11.5%,生物沸石对CODMn的平均去除率为32.3%。臭氧-沸石工艺的CODMn平均去除率为15.6%,小于工艺组成单元的单独去除率的加和,各单元在有机物处理上存在竞争关系。臭氧-生物沸石工艺的CODMn平均去除率为45.5%,大于臭氧氧化和生物过滤独立单元去除率的加和,各单元之间为协同作用关系,因此宜采用臭氧-生物沸石工艺处理有机微污染水体。     

不同的消毒方式对砂滤池出水消毒效果的影响

采用中置O3-BAC工艺进行中试实验,通过对微生物、微型生物、消毒副产物和AOC进行检测分析,研究了不同的消毒方式对砂滤池出水消毒效果的影响。结果表明,氯消毒对微型生物、微生物的去除效果稍弱于臭氧联合氯消毒;对于消毒副产物而言,氯消毒产生的卤代烃、氯酸盐的含量高于臭氧联合氯消毒,产生的溴酸盐两者处于同一水平,而产生的甲醛则是氯消毒低于臭氧联合氯消毒;氯消毒最终砂滤池出水AOC平均含量75.93μg乙酸碳/L,臭氧联合氯消毒为101.23μg乙酸碳/L,大于100μg乙酸碳/L,不利于供水管网的生物稳定性。     

Spatial variability of sydney air quality by cumulative semivariogram

This paper establishes that an isotropic spatial correlation function in the form of a modified Bessel function of the second kind, first order, can be used to model the spatial variability of a pollution concentration field over a sufficiently long period of time in which the variability due to meteorological factors has been smoothed out. The corresponding cumulative semivariogram is derived and fitted by nonlinear least-squares to monthly averaged ozone data at 18 monitoring stations of the Sydney region. The good fit of the model indicates that the Sydney airshed has homogeneous and isotropic subregions whose radius of influence is about 17 km. The Bessel function form of the spatial correlation has a physical meaning as it is derived from the diffusion equation; hence, it is expected that the model can be used, in general, to represent the spatial variability of a smoothed homogeneous and isotropic concentration field.     

Forest Decline Evidence in Southern Turkey and its Possible Dependence on Ozone Trends

During the period between 1991 and 1997, crown condition was monitored at an experimental forest located in Southern Turkey, near Antalya. In order to determine the nutritional status of the stands in the study area, in the years 1992, 1993 and 1998, young and old needles were collected from the labelled trees and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) of the needles were determined. Between the years 1991 and 1997, the degree of defoliation of the canopies, according to the damage indexes, changes from 10–25% to 25–60%. Between the years 1992 and 1998, examination of nutrition condition of the stands reveal that, sufficient and balanced nutrition status of the trees in the year 1992, becomes insufficient or unbalanced for P, K, and N in 1998.From October 1994 to January 1996, a continuous hourly ozone sampling was performed on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey (30.34°E, 36.47°N) near Antalya. The survey carried out in the summer of 1995 reveals that AOT40_f index is 14.612 ppm.h, which exceeds the critical level of 10 ppm.h. As the measured ambient ozone levels are higher than critical level, it has been proposed that ozone may be one of the anthropogenic stress factors causing the forest decline in Southern Turkey observed within this study.     

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Ozone Concentrations at High Altitude Monitoring Sites in Germany

The present study deals with the characterisation and interpretation of hourly taken maximum ozone concentrations of each day at various high altitude monitoring sites in Germany and contributes to the understanding of ozone transport processes. The relation between long range transport of ozone as well as its precursors and high ozone concentrations is of special interest. Aim of this paper is to investigate the influence and importance of large scale meteorological circulation and source regions of anthropogenic ozone precursors to local ozone concentrations using 2-dimensional backward trajectories. Further, reasons for the spatial and temporal variation of ozone concentration levels will be shown. Investigating numerous cases a similar origin of air masses causing high ozone concentrations in Germany and uniform patterns at various sites could be identified.     

Measuring regional trends in ozone

We model maximum daily ozone concentration at a number of sites in Ontario in terms of weather classes, temperature, season and a moving average error term. In an effort to detect a regional trend in the remaining residuals, we develop a method related to principal components which obtains the linear combination of sites with greatest autocorrelation. We apply this method to data from sites in Southern Ontario and conclude that there was a regional trend in ozone during the period 1980–1992. A similar treatment does not find a general trend in temperature data but does reveal a widening gap in temperature between northern and southern sites.     

Critical Reconsideration of Phase Space Embedding and Local Non-Parametric Prediction of Ozone Time Series

Phase space prediction is a feature selection method which triesto exploit non-linear dynamics of an underlying system. We describe and offer a critical reconsideration of this approach,discuss questions of whether non-linear methods are justified by the data, and apply them to ozone time series from single locations. Our main objectives are to obtain air quality forecasts in order to provide public health warnings and to provide an insight into the dynamics of the underlying system.Interestingly, comparable linear data sets (surrogates)have very similar structure and give similar predictionaccuracy to that of the ozone data. In this instance theredoes not appear to be any advantage to applying the phasespace approach to univariate time series.