溪洛渡水电工程拦沙对三峡水库富营养化潜在影响的初步研究

从泥沙吸附的角度，探讨金沙江溪洛渡水电站拦沙对三峡水库溶解性磷负荷的影响。2006年11月在金沙江、长江干流和支流岷江、沱江采集了淤积泥沙和水样，测定了泥沙的全磷、有效磷和磷固定量及水的溶解性磷等指标。岷江和沱江泥沙的有效磷含量远高于金沙江和长江干流，反映了四川盆地支流的磷污染较干流严重；干流泥沙的有效磷含量向下游呈增加和磷固定量向下游呈减少的趋势，反映了干流泥沙沿途不断吸附四川盆地支流汇入干流中的溶解性磷，磷固定能力有所降低。根据金沙江宜宾与长江朱沱泥沙的有效磷含量和磷固定量，金沙江来沙年吸附溶解性磷分别为382和6 885 t，分别相当于朱沱站的26%和468％。溪洛渡水库拦蓄泥沙，金沙江来沙吸附长江干流溶解性磷的量将有所减少。水库投入运行后的前50年，以有效磷含量计，金沙江来沙的磷吸附量占朱沱年溶解性磷总量的比例从26%降至10%；以磷固定量计，从468％降至174%。长江干流进入三峡水库的年溶解性磷总量有可能增加16%～294%。金沙江来沙降低三峡入库磷负荷的实际功能，可能介于有效磷含量和磷固定量的计算值之间，具体值还需开展进一步的试验研究。     

洪泽湖水质富营养化评价

对洪泽湖及其入湖河流水质现状进行了评价,得知洪泽湖及其入湖河流总体水质为劣Ⅴ类,影响两者水质的主要污染物为总磷和总氮。对洪泽湖浮游植物的时空分布及相关因子进行分析,得知洪泽湖目前为轻富营养水平。最后对洪泽湖第一次发生蓝藻聚集现象的原因进行了分析。     

成都犀池拟浮丝藻水华成因探析

拟浮丝藻是我国水华蓝藻的一个新记录属,我国对此类水华缺乏研究,成都也未曾有此类报道。2008年7~8月,在原成都世界乐园犀池内首次暴发了大规模拟浮丝藻水华。为了解犀池拟浮丝藻水华的成因,对犀池2007~2008年监测资料进行了分析,研究表明:犀池富营养化正以每年平均8.1%的速率不断加剧,大规模发生拟浮丝藻水华的营养指数临界值为85,水温为25℃~30℃,pH=8.2~8.8,较小的氮磷比值(TN∶TP=10)有利于拟浮丝藻水华生长。     

模糊物元识别模型在巢湖水体富营养化评价中的应用研究

选取TN、TP、Chl-a、COD、BOD5、DO和SD等7项指标,应用模糊物元识别模型对2000~2007年巢湖的12个水质监测点的富营养化等级进行了模糊识别。通过与巢湖同期水质浓度变化及其分布区域进行对比分析,验证了模糊物元识别模型在巢湖水体富营养化评价中的适用性。巢湖富营养化评价结果表明,2000~2007年富营养化呈逐年加重的趋势,据采样点模糊物元计算结果得知西巢湖(1#~6#)的富营养化状况比东巢湖(7#~12#)更严重,西巢湖贴近度最高值为0.9974,接近极富营养状态,而东巢湖的最高值仅为0.5866。从年际变化上看,2000~2007年东巢湖富营养化状况变化不大,营养状态级处在较低的水平,而西巢湖的富营养状况变化则较大,营养状态级则处在较高水平。     

底泥扰动状态下内源磷释放过程模拟研究

为了揭示底泥扰动对内源磷释放的影响,通过室内实验模拟了底泥多次扰动状态的整个过程。结果表明,底泥扰动刚结束(0 h),溶解态磷(DIP、DTP)显著降低;底泥扰动结束后(1、6和24 h),溶解态磷发生"滞后释放"。第1 d,在1、6和24 h采样时段,DIP、DTP的"滞后释放量"最大,分别达到20.0 1mg/kg,22.12 mg/kg,16.85 mg/kg和17.21 mg/kg,22.12 mg/kg,9.69 mg/kg。第2 d,该释放量分别降低了44.80%~57.87%和42.52%~61.24%。随着底泥扰动次数的增加,溶解态磷的"滞后释放"逐渐转变为"负释放",同时,DIP/TP和DTP/TP逐渐降低。这说明,底泥扰动应该是促进了上覆水中溶解态磷向底泥的迁移和强化了底泥对磷的固定作用,同时降低了水体中磷的可生物利用性。因此推测,底泥扰动延缓了水体富营养化的发展进程。     

连续式自清洁蓝藻收集设备的中试研究

近年来湖泊富营养化日益加重,各种除藻技术层出不穷,以机械捞藻法、滤网式收集法、排气分离式收集法等为代表的蓝藻收集方法迅速出现。为了进一步提高蓝藻的收集效率,开发了一种新型的连续式自清洁蓝藻收集设备,以叶绿素a含量为主要指标,判断蓝藻去除效果。在进水泵频率30 Hz,进水压力0.11 MPa的条件下,每间隔30 min洗...     

Nutrient Bioassays of Growth Parameters for Algae in the North Bosque River of Central Texas1

Abstract: Nutrient dose‐response bioassays were conducted using water from three sites along the North Bosque River. These bioassays provided support data for refinement of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model used in the development of two phosphorus TMDLs for the North Bosque River. Test organisms were native phytoplanktonic algae and stock cultured Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindak. Growth was measured daily by in vivo fluorescence. Algal growth parameters for maximum growth (μ_max) and half‐saturation constants for nitrogen (K_N) or phosphorus (K_P) were determined by fitting maximum growth rates associated with each dose level to a Monod growth rate function. Growth parameters of native algae were compared between locations and to growth parameters of P. subcapitata and literature values. No significant differences in half‐saturation constants were indicated within nutrient treatment for site or algal type. Geometric mean K_N was 32 μg/l and for K_P 7 μg/l. A significant difference was detected in maximum growth rates between algae types but not between sites or nutrient treatments. Mean μ_max was 1.5/day for native algae and 1.2/day for stock algae. These results indicate that watershed‐specific maximum growth rates may need to be considered when modeling algal growth dynamics with regard to nutrients.     

A Chemical Characterization of A Lagoon Ecosystem: The Sacca Di Goro (Po River Delta, Italy)

This work reports on the results of a preliminary estimate of the presence and distribution of common and rare elements in a typical estuarine environment of the Po River Delta. Different environmental compartments (sediment, water, macroalgae and benthic animals) were considered, and analysis conducted on samples taken at two different sites characterized by low and high hydrodynamic regime. Resulting evidence of differences between the matrices, especially in relation to their different nature and sampling site are given.     

抚顺市大中型水库水质富营养化现状及防治对策

对抚顺市五座水库的水体营养状态进行了评价，结果表明，有3座水库处于不同程度的中营养型，有2座水库处于不同程度的轻富营养型。分析认为水库富营养化受水库周围居民生活及集雨区内径流入库的氮磷量影响。并针对水库富营养化的机制及发展变化趋势，提出了水库富营养化的具体治理办法及促进库区经济、社会协调发展的有效途径。     

Effect of Polymeric Coatings On Phytoplankton Standing Crop

Some polymeric marine coatings based on vinylcopolymer and linseed oil have been prepared in the laboratory and their efffect on phytoplankton standing crop was tested. the coating is prepared either from vinylcopolymer or linseed oil or a mixture of both binders with 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratios in the presence or absence of a soluble resin. the coatings were applied to glass slides and tested in a sea water medium. Also, correlations between the weight of the coating film and numbers of phytoplankton species were calculated. the results showed no correlation between the weight of films of either vinylite or oil binders and the total number of all phytoplankton species, but significant correlation was found for some phytoplankton species, such as Thalassiosira decipiens. the weight of the film coating of vinylcopolymer in the presence of soluble resin with 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratios is significantly correlated to the total number of phytoplankton and some other dominant species. Formulations of linseed oil and a soluble resin with 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratios are correlated to the numbers of Chaetoceros affinis, Bellorochea malleus and Skeletonema costatum.