Optimising herbicide dose: a straightforward approach to reduce the risk of side effects of herbicides

Public concern of possible effects of pesticides on human health and the environment has lead to an increased pressure on farmers to optimise their use of pesticides. Reducing pesticide doses below the recommended doses whenever possible is a straightforward approach to reduce the risk of adverse side effects. To adopt this approach decision-making has to be improved. The parameters to consider optimising herbicide doses are: weed flora and growth stage, crop competitiveness, climatic conditions, application technique, formulation/adjuvant and combination with other pesticides. In Denmark this information is provided to farmers through the decision support system ‹Plant Protection Online’. Based on input on weed species and densities, climatic conditions, soil type, crop cultivar and expected yield ‹Plant Protection Online’ will provide farmers with optimum herbicide solution usually with doses lower than standard recommended doses.     

基于云模型和TODIM的应急预案评估方法研究*

为提高应急预案评估的科学性，提出基于云模型和TODIM法的应急预案评估新方法,利用云模型表征语言评估信息，通过得分函数处理云值，提出基于云值的主客观权重计算方法，以弥补单一赋权法求解评估指标权重的不足；基于云模型和TODIM法对候选应急预案进行优劣排序，并验证本文方法的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明:基于云模型和TODIM法的应急预案评估新方法计算出的数值结果合理、准确，研究结果可为相关部门提高应急管理能力提供借鉴。