淮河流域污染"久治不愈"原因浅析及治理措施建议

根据淮河流域水质和产业结构现状、近几年来主要污染物排放量变化以及流域内污水处理情况,初步分析了淮河流域污染反弹“久治不愈”的几个原因并提出了几点相应的建议。     

Microbiological characteristics in a zero-valent iron reactive barrier

Zero-valent iron (Fe⁰)-based permeable reactive barriertreatment has been generating great interest for passivegroundwater remediation, yet few studies have paid particularattention to the microbial activity and characteristics withinand in the vicinity of the Fe⁰-barrier matrix. The presentstudy was undertaken to evaluate the microbial population andcommunity composition in the reducing zone of influence byFe⁰ corrosion in the barrier at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plantsite. Both phospholipid fatty acids and DNA analyses were usedto determine the total microbial population and microbialfunctional groups, including sulfate-reducing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria, and methanogens, in groundwater andsoil/iron core samples. A diverse microbial community wasidentified in the strongly reducing Fe⁰ environment despitea relatively high pH condition within the Fe⁰ barrier (up topH 10). In comparison with those found in the backgroundsoil/groundwater samples, the enhanced microbial populationranged from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude and appeared to increase from upgradient of the barrier to downgradient soil. Inaddition, microbial community composition appeared to change overtime, and the bacterial types of microorganismsincreased consistently as the barrier aged. DNA analysisindicated the presence of sulfate-reducing and denitrifyingbacteria in the barrier and its surrounding soil. However, theactivity of methanogens was found to be relatively low,presumably as a result of the competition by sulfate/metal-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria because of the unlimited availability of sulfate and nitrate in the site groundwater. Results of this study provide evidenceof a diverse microbial population within and in the vicinity ofthe iron barrier, although the important roles of microbial activity, either beneficially or detrimentally, on the longevityand enduring efficiency of the Fe⁰ barriers are yet to be evaluated.     

经济手段防治白色污染的博弈分析

经济手段在环境管理中的作用及涉及到政府与各利益关系人之间的博弈过程。本文就政府与一次性餐具生产者，销售者之间的博弈关系，分析如何应用经济手段使其在防治“白色污染”中发挥更好的作用。     

新疆河流洪水水污染分析

洪水期间的水污染主要来源于面源。其特点是污染物的浓度高、负荷量大。给工业、渔业和人民生活都会带来不同程度的危害。悬浮物是洪水过程中的主要面污染产物，同时还作为载体吸附和携带大量的有机物、无机盐、重金属类和微生物进入水体，致使河流水质下降。在研究洪水灾害的同时。不应忽略洪水期间的水污染问题。     

阿图什市空气质量变化趋势分析

分析了阿图什市“八五”至“九五”期间空气质量监测数据不同年度、不同季节及不同污染因子的动态变化趋势．结合当地能源结构、气候特征、城市环境综合发展水平，指出影响阿图什市空气质量的主要因素，为防治和减轻阿图什市的空气污染提供了科学依据。     

乌鲁木齐市餐饮业油烟污染的调查及防治初探

通过对乌鲁木齐市20家餐饮业油烟污染的调查分析，结果表明，乌鲁木齐市餐饮业油烟污染严重，并提出了防治措施。     

应急监测案例分析

叙述了某突发性不明污染源的应急监测经过,探讨了对此类应急监测应采取的措施,并阐述了相应的意见和看法。     

兰州市功能区大气细菌污染和城市绿地系统杀菌效应分析

在测定兰州市城市不同功能区和不同类型绿地系统空气细菌数量的基础上,分析了各功能区空气细菌污染状况,以及人流量和车流量与空气细菌数量之间的关系;探讨了不同绿地系统的杀菌效应,指出各绿地系统杀菌能力:乔、灌、草>乔、灌>草、灌>草坪。     

水体重金属污染生物监测的研究进展

综述了重金属的毒性效应和水体重金属污染的现状,介绍了利用水生藻类、浮游动物群落和底栖动物监测水体重金属污染的研究进展及发展趋势。     

How and why is Aquatic Quality Changing at Nahanni National Park Reserve, nwt, Canada?

Nahanni National Park Reserve is located at southwestern NWT-Yukon border. One of the first UNESCO World Heritage sites, Nahanni lies within Taiga Cordillera and Taiga Shield Ecozones. Base and precious metal mining occurred upstream of Nahanni prior to park establishment. Nahanni waters, sediments, fish, and caribou have naturally elevated metals levels. Baseline water, sediment and fish tissue quality data were collected and analyzed throughout Nahanni during 1988–91 and 1992–97. These two programs characterized how aquatic quality variables are naturally varying in space and time, affected by geology, stream flow, seasonality, and extreme meteorological and geological events. Possible anthropogenic causes of aquatic quality change were examined. Measured values were compared to existing Guidelines and site-specific objectives were established.