煤矿区表层土壤中芳香烃组成、分布特征及标志化合物研究

采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种US EPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对(ρ)MP/(ρ)P、MPI1、(ρ)P/(ρ)A、(ρ)FL/(ρ)PY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,苊和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物.     

Evaluation of the biodegradability of copolyesters containing aromatic compounds by investigations of model oligomers

Model oligo esters of terephthalic acid with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol have been investigated with regard to their biodegradability in different biological environments. Well-characterized oligomers with weight-average molar masses of from 600 to 2600 g/mol exhibit biodegradation in aqueous systems, soil, and compost at 60°C. SEC investigations showed a fast biological degradation of the oligomer fraction consisting of 1 or 2 repeating units, independent of the diol component used for polycondensation, while polyester oligomers with degrees of polymerization higher than 2 were stable against microbial attack at room temperature in a time frame of 2 months. At 60°C in a compost environment chemical hydrolysis also degrades chains longer than two repeating units, resulting in enhanced degradability of the oligomers. Metabolization of the monomers and the dimers as well by the microorganisms could be confirmed by comparing SEC measurements and carbon balances in a Sturm test experiment. Based on these results degradation characteristics of potential oligomer intermediates resulting from a primary chain scission from copolyesters consisting of aromatic and aliphatic dicarbonic acids can be predicted depending on their composition. These results will have an evident influence on the evaluation of the biodegradability of commercially interesting copolyesters and lead to new ways of tailor-made designing of new biodegradable materials as well.     

光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定水中苯系物

本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪，在环境温度下手工摇荡的快速顶空法测定水中苯系物（苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯）的分析方法。方法的线性范围为０～１８０μｇ／Ｌ，相关系数均在０．９９６以上，方法的变异系数分别为１．０～１４％（１０μｇ／Ｌ），２．９～７．８％（３０μｇ／Ｌ），方法的最低检测限达０．５～１．５μｇ／Ｌ。     

气相色谱法测定废水中的茚及芳烃混合物

本文采用气相色谱法，选择中等极性的Ｔｒｉｃｒｅｓｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ与高沸点的非极性ＡｐｉｅｚｏｎＬ配成混合固定液，测定工业废水中的茚及芳烃混合物。该方法灵敏度高，再现性好，简便快速，适合测定化工、制漆、制茚树脂生产所排放的废水，同时也能检出受苯系物及高沸点的不饱合物萘等多组分污染的水体     

Oil/Suspended Particulate Material Interactions and Sedimentation

The interactions of physically dispersed oil droplets with suspended particulate material (SPM) can be important for the transport of bulk quantities of spilled crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to subtidal sediments. The literature regarding oil/SPM interactions is reviewed, and results from whole-oil droplet/SPM interaction kinetics and pure-component (Prudhoe Bay crude oil distillate cut) equilibrium partitioning experiments are presented. The effects of oil type, SPM characteristics, and salinity on the interaction rates are examined, and the importance of whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions on particle agglomeration and settling behavior are discussed. Whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions are retarded as oil droplet dispersion into the water column is inhibited by oil viscosity increases due to evaporation weathering and water-in-oil emulsification. Compared to whole oil droplet/SPM interactions, dissolved-component/SPM adsorption is not as significant for transport of individual components to sediments. The information presented in this paper can be used to augment computer-based models designed to predict oil-spill trajectories, oil-weathering behavior, and spilled oil impacts to the marine environment.     

高活性萘降解细菌Hydrogenophaga Palleronii LHJ38的研究

为了研究微生物对多环芳烃的降解和转化规律,以萘作为研究对象,从餐厨油烟污染土壤中筛选到一株萘降解活性较高的细菌菌株,经菌种鉴定,定名为帕氏氢噬胞菌(H ydrogenophaga Palleronii)LH J38。测定了该菌的生长曲线和萘降解曲线,建立了菌株对萘的降解活性的定量测定方法,并研究了其最适生长条件。结果表明,在28℃、初始pH6.6、碳氮摩尔比为4的最适培养条件下,LH J38对初始质量浓度为2 000m g/L的萘在96h内的降解率可达98%以上;处于对数生长期的LH J38对萘的降解活性可达47.3nm o l/(m g.m in)。     

表面活性剂在多环芳烃污染土壤修复中的应用

介绍了单一表面活性剂（非离子表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂）、阴-非离子混合表面活性剂对多环芳烃的增溶作用、增溶机理及无机离子对表面活性剂增溶能力的影响，综述了化学表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂在污染土壤生物修复中的应用。由于生物表面活性剂具有许多独特的优点，今后应加强生物表面活性剂的开发与应用研究。     

Characterisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in flue gas and residues of a full scale fluidized bed combustor combusting non-hazardous industrial waste

This paper studies the fate of PAHs in full scale incinerators by analysing the concentration of the 16 EPA-PAHs in both the input waste and all the outputs of a full scale Fluidized Bed Combustor (FBC). Of the analysed waste inputs i.e. Waste Water Treatment (WWT) sludge, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR), RDF and ASR were the main PAH sources, with phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene being the most important PAHs. In the flue gas sampled at the stack, naphthalene was the only predominant PAH, indicating that the PAHs in FBC’s combustion gas were newly formed and did not remain from the input waste. Of the other outputs, the boiler and fly ash contained no detectable levels of PAHs, whereas the flue gas cleaning residue contained only low concentrations of naphthalene, probably adsorbed from the flue gas. The PAH fingerprint of the bottom ash corresponded rather well to the PAH fingerprint of the RDF and ASR, indicating that the PAHs in this output, in contrast to the other outputs, were mainly remainders from the PAHs in the waste inputs. A PAH mass balance showed that the total PAH input/output ratio of the FBC ranged from about 100 to about 2600 depending on the waste input composition and the obtained combustion conditions. In all cases, the FBC was clearly a net PAH sink.     

美国和五大湖双边共同关注区域的白肚燕(双色树燕)雏鸟的有机污染状况

白肚燕，又名双色树燕，栖居于五大湖流域中27个双边共同关注区域(AOCs)，从2010年到2014年对其进行了污染物暴露风险评估，以协助管理者和监管者评估五大湖AOCs的污染状况。本文比较了AOCs和附近非AOCs雏鸟体内污染物浓度的差异。AOCs白肚燕雏鸟尸体中多氯联苯(PCB)和多溴联苯醚的含量分别为30%和33%，低于非AOCs的平均浓度。AOCs白肚燕雏鸟胃含物中多环芳烃(PAH)浓度和血浆中全氟化合物浓度分别为67%和64%，也低于非AOCs的平均浓度。但是与已有生殖效应记载的高PCB污染区相比，有些AOCs雏鸟尸体内的PCBs浓度只是存在小幅升高。一些AOCs食物中PAHs的浓度足够高以致引起可测量的生理响应。在AOCs中，全氟化合物全氟辛烷磺酸在血浆中的最高浓度出现在Raisin河(密歇根州，美国；几何平均数330 ng/mL)，但远低于预估毒性的参考值(1 700 ng/mL)。之前有研究报道雏鸟胃含物中PAH和PCB的浓度以及尸体中PCBs的含量与沉积物中污染物的含量显著相关，从而可加强白肚燕在评估沉积物污染生物有效性方面的应用。
精选自Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Paul M. Dummer, Diana Goldberg, J. Christian Franson, Richard A. Erickson. Organic contamination in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings at United States and binational Great Lakes areas of concern. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 36, Issue 3, pages 735–748, July 2017. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3598
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/etc.3598/full
     

广州夏季办公室内细颗粒中多环芳烃污染特征研究

大部分的都市办公人群每天在办公室至少度过8 h。而室外环境的渗透、办公室内吸烟、办公设备使用和中央通风系统均可能导致细颗粒物及多环芳烃(PAHs)在室内积聚而造成微环境污染。2015年5—6月,在广州市3种不同功能区(商住区、高新产业区、工业区)共选取了14间不同类型的办公室,对其室内外PM_(2.5)和多环芳烃进行同步监测。结果表明,(1)14间中有12间办公室内的PM_(2.5)浓度水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)的推荐值25μg·m-3;(2)与国内外类似研究相比,办公室内外∑16PAHs及Ba P-eq的监测浓度水平均较低,并呈现一致规律:文印>室外>吸烟>多人>单人>无窗(无人),其中Ba P-eq低于欧盟规定的安全限值1 ng·m-3;(3)文印工作和吸烟行为与室内PM_(2.5)和PAHs浓度升高有密切关系,分别对5环和4环PAHs贡献明显;(4)其他无明显内源的办公室的细颗粒中PAHs污染在监测期间主要来源于室外贡献。