京津风沙源区防风固沙功能的时空变化及其区域差异

防风固沙功能是京津风沙源治理成效的关键监测指标。以往研究注重局地防风固沙功能的评估,对全区防风固沙功能的时空变化与内部差异揭示不足。基于京津风沙源区多期遥感数据,采用修正风蚀方程与GIS空间统计技术,评估分析了2000-2015年防风固沙功能的整体变化及其区域差异。结果表明:(1)京津风沙源区年均防风固沙量为28.98亿t,防风固沙能力为68.24 t/hm~2,且均随年份变化波动增加,年均增速分别为1.10%和0.71%;(2)京津风沙源区防风固沙能力呈西北高、东南低趋势,有49.06%的区域防风固沙能力高于70 t/hm~2,评估期内有54%的区域防风固沙能力明显提高;(3)浑善达克沙地亚区、典型草原亚区和荒漠草原亚区的防风固沙量累计为全区防风固沙总量的88%,燕山丘陵山地水源保护亚区和晋北山地丘陵亚区的防风固沙能力提升最显著;(4)锡林郭勒盟、赤峰市和乌兰察布市的防风固沙量合计占全区防风固沙量的77%,朔州市与包头市防风固沙能力较高,北京市与天津市防风固沙能力增速较高。因此,未来应重视分区施策治理与西部和北部防风固沙功能提升。     

水葫芦对Zn2+、Cd2+和Fe3+的去除速率

通过静态水培实验和原子吸收分光光度法的测定,发现水葫芦对个别重金属离子累积去除率头两天为Zn≈Cd>Fe,以后为Fe>Zn>Cd;5天中,Cd2 在水葫芦老黄茎叶中的积累量增长了130 0倍;在混合离子培养液中,Zn2 的去除速率明显下降,而Cd2 和Fe3 变化不明显。表明水葫芦在治理含镉废水方面有良好的应用前景。     

减噪路面的降噪机理及其结构

阐述了减噪路面的降噪机理，并提供了几种减噪路面结构及实测数据，对高速公路设计有着重要的参考意义。     

Growth responses of Picea mongolica seedlings to defoliation rate

Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM I (natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H1 (height in June 23 ) and H2 (height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ (artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H1 was significant, the difference of H2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM I, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain de clree.     

大同市土地退化现状与动态变化研究

通过对大同市水土流失现状与动态变化、土地盐渍化和耕地数量与质量情况动态变化、土地沙漠化现状与动态变化的现状调查来分析大同市土地退化的主要成因以及采取的环境保护对策与建议.     

Ni2+对2-氯酚厌氧降解系统的影响

针对重金属对难降解有毒有机物厌氧降解的影响问题,采用间歇试验法研究Ni2 对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解系统的影响规律.结果表明,当ρ(Ni2 )＜5 mg/L时,Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解表现出轻度促进,当ρ(Ni2 )为5～500 mg/L,Ni2 以抑制作用为主,抑制作用随ρ(Ni2 )的增加而增强.Ni2 对原基质及关键中间产物苯酚和苯甲酸的抑制程度表现为:苯酚＞苯甲酸＞2-CP;ρ(Ni2 )低时的驯化能有效提高厌氧污泥对Ni2 毒性的耐受性能,300 mg/L Ni2 对2-CP降解的抑制从驯化前的65%降至驯化后的21%.Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解的抑制作用与污泥中Ni的截留量之间存在正相关关系.抑制浓度CIP值和方程αC=[1-(I/I*)m]/[1 (I/I*)n)]能较好地表征厌氧生物处理过程受抑制程度.     

Toxic effects of wastewater from various phases of monosodium glutamate production on seed germination and root elongation of crops

To make a comprehensive assessment on monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater pollution, a pollution exposure experiment was carried out on the seed germination and root elongation of wheat, Chinese cabbage and tomato by using the wastewater discharged from different processing phases of MSG production. The results showed that there were significantly positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rates of wheat seed germination and root elongation and the COD_cr of the mother liquor scraps. The toxicity of MSG wastewater to the test crops was in the order of tomato > Chinese cabbage > wheat, indicating that tomato was the most sensitive to the wastewater, and could be considered as an ideal toxic bioindicator. The half-effect concentrations (IC₅₀) based on the seed germination and root elongation of the test crops exposed to the wastewater discharged from various processing phases of MSG production was 22.0–32 432 and 17.3–3320 mg/L, respectively. Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(7): 1286–1290 [译自: 应用生态学报]     

20世纪80年代以来挠力河流域湿地景观变化过程研究

挠力河流域面积为241.67×104hm₂。其自然条件决定了该流域具有极丰富的湿地生物多样性。从1980年以来,由于经济的快速发展,该流域湿地景观和土地利用发生了显著的变化。自然湿地资源从1982年的53.32×104hm₂变成2000年的17.17×104hm₂,减少了67.8%;而水田面积却增加了38.5倍,同时,旱田面积也大幅度增加。该文利用遥感和GIS技术,对近20年来该流域湿地景观变化过程进行时空定量分析;并结合流域土地利用/土地覆盖类型的动态变化,探讨流域在经济快速发展中土地利用与湿地之间的演化规律及其对湿地的影响机制。     

全球环境变化的系统研究方法浅议

论文总结和分析了数据获取现代技术手段、地理信息系统、数学模型和地学信息图谱的研究进展,从地球信息科学的角度探讨了我国全球环境变化的系统研究方法。     

奈曼旗沙漠化土地动态变化分析

本文利用两期TM卫片对奈曼旗五个苏木的沙漠化土地动态进行了分析。10年间沙漠伦土地总面积减少了457.82km^2，但同期耕地面积净增加了394.08km^2；同时，流动沙地面积增加了139.62km^2，图斑数降低到了50％，流动沙地明显扩展，斑块间发生合并，集中连片的趋势严峻。不同苏木沙漠化土地变化表明，土地利用方式对其有明显影响。