1996～2015年云贵川草地生态系统生产力的时空格局

云贵川草地是中国草地的重要组成部分，在我国生态文明建设和响应全球气候变化中具有重要的地位，分析其净初级生产力（NPP）变化格局具有重要意义。利用研究区的AVHRR、MODIS遥感影像等数据及周边地区的气象资料，结合改进的CASA模型，对云贵川地区草地1996～2015年20 a间的NPP及草地植被相关生态特征进行估算，并对其时空特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）20 a间云贵川草地NDVI值变化规律性明显，97.18%的草地面积年平均NDVImax呈现增加趋势。（2）20 a间云贵川草地NPP总体上呈现出“西北低、西南高、东部居中”的空间格局，年均NPP值为420.85 gC·m-2。 （3）时间格局上，20 a间整个云贵川区域逐年平均NPP值虽然有一定的波动性，但仍以7.2322 gC·m-2·a-1的速率在增加。20 a间夏季NPP平均值最高，为160.25 gC·m-2；春季次之，NPP平均值为 109.10 gC·m-2；秋季与春季相比，NPP值稍低，为106.10 gC·m-2；冬季最低，为54.03 gC·m-2。     

浙江省碳排放时空格局及影响因素研究

利用2005~2010年浙江省各县市区的社会经济数据和能耗数据,测算了各县市区的碳排放总量、人均碳排放量和地均碳排放量,采用空间自相关方法揭示了县域尺度下相邻县市区碳排放指标的空间关联性,运用地理加权回归模型定量描述了各县市区碳排放总量影响因素的空间异质性。研究结果表明:(1)研究期内,浙江省的碳排放总量从30 486万t增加到49 559万t。人均碳排放量和地均碳排放量也均呈增长趋势,且空间差异显著。(2)各县市区碳排放总量、人均碳排放量和地均碳排放量均存在较强的空间自相关性,总体上浙北浙东呈高高集聚,浙西南呈低低集聚。(3)人口和投资是影响碳排放总量的重要因素,且存在空间异质性。投资对浙西南碳排放的影响逐渐增大。     

Sex Structure of Scotch Pine Populations in the Dry Steppe

it has been determined that the sex structure of the population is of great importance for pine adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. As environmental conditions deteriorate, differentiation of populations with respect to sex becomes more apparent, the proportion of trees of mixed type decreases, and the number of male trees increases. A tendency toward correlation between tree habitus, needle and shoot sizes, and the sex structure of population is noted. The prevalence of male trees in populations exposed to increasing stress reflects the rearrangement of such populations aimed at the more efficient use of natural resources.     

浙闽中生代火山岩母岩浆性质及其分异机制探讨

浙闽地区中生代火山岩以酸性成分占绝对优势(流纹岩和英安岩占90％以上)。众多火山机构内侵出相的碎斑熔岩、先前喷出的火山岩和末期定位的中央侵人体“三相一体”的现象普遍发育,对一特定的火山机构,可以用中央侵入体的成分近似地代表母岩浆的成分。区内下火山岩系的母岩浆相当于石英闪长质,而上火山岩系的母岩浆则相当于流纹英安质(相对较酸性)。不同性质的母岩浆具有不同的分异演化方式,其中低硅质岩浆内的分异主要是通过以长石为主的矿物分离结品来实施的,而高硅质岩浆的分异则以对流分异和元素在液态下的扩散分异为主。     

中国稻米垩白形成的地域分异规律之研究

在全国13个点、19个品种、多播期试验基础上,本文对稻米垩白形成的气象生态基础进行了分析。结果表明水稻齐穗后15d内的温度状况是影响稻米垩白形成的主导因子。为了明确不同气象垩白大小(即气象条件引起稻米垩白面积的变化量)形成所要求的齐穗后 15d内的均温值,通过线性规划模型对3种稻米垩白大小情况给予了确定。并对我国稻区不同稻作制度下水稻气象垩白的分异情况进行了探讨。结果表明,从北向南,稻米气象垩白随水稻齐穗后15d内均温的变化由小到大,≤5％的稻区为四川盆地以北、淮河以北及云贵高原地区,5-10％的稻区为四川盆地、滇南以及淮南至沿江江南地区,10-20％(只为双季稻的早稻)的稻区为云贵高原以东长江以南地区。     

内蒙古巴尔哲碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古巴尔哲特大型碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床是国内首次发现的一种新类型工业矿床,其规模居亚洲第三位.含矿岩体为燕山期碱性花岗岩,岩体普遍矿化,岩体即是矿体,矿石品位富、稀有稀土元素种类多,其共生伴生矿物多达44种,工业矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿、烧绿石、铌铁矿、锌日光榴石为主.     

清洁生产技术方案综合评价方法初探

研究清洁生产技术方案的综合评价对于指导企业实施清洁生产有重要意义．本文以啤酒生产企业为例，运用系统工程方法和模糊数学方法提出了清洁生产技术方案综合评价的理论方法，突破了定性分析与定量评价相分离的传统评价方法，为企业筛选和决策可实施清洁生产技术方案提供了技术支持．     

Geographical differentiation of selenium concentration in hair from children and youngsters in China

Selenium concentration in hair are sorted out into three classes, i.e. low (<110 ppb), medium (110-520 ppb) and high (>520 ppb) according to the principle of multiple normal distribution and a map of classification of selenium concentration in hair from children and youngsters in China has been drawn. Selenium insufficiency in relation to Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck's disease is expounded. Geographical differentiation of hair selenium concentrations and its causes are explained.     

烟粉虱成虫的昼夜时空动态及空间格局

观察了 1d内西葫芦(Cucurbitapepo)植株上烟粉虱成虫数的变化,以早晨 6点最高,中午 12点达到最低点.经统计分析得到 2003年和 2004年 1d内西葫芦单株虫量与气温、空气相对湿度和温湿度系数的相关系数.对两年的观察结果进行卡方适合性检验, 2003年和 2004年,烟粉虱成虫昼夜在植株上的种群波动趋势一致 (χ2 =0. 82 <χ20. 05, 7 ).空中捕虫试验结果为早晨 6点捕虫量最低,上午 10点捕虫量最高.空中捕虫量与光照强度的相关程度最高,与气温的相关程度次之.阴天空中捕虫量极低.还观察到烟粉虱成虫在早晨、夜间、阴天和雨日多停留在植株的叶背,其反应迟钝、活动能力较差.对烟粉虱成虫空间格局频次分布检验结果显示,所有调查田块的害虫空间格局一致,均属于负二项分布; 6项分布型指数测定结果,烟粉虱成虫在田间皆为聚集分布,其聚集的原因可能系物种本身的聚集行为所致. 图 3表 3参 10     

Population differentiation in female sex pheromone and male preferences in a solitary bee

Population differentiation in female mating signals and associated male preferences can drive reproductive isolation among segregated populations. We tested this assumption by investigating intraspecific variation in female sex pheromone and associated male odour preferences among distant populations in the solitary bee Colletes cunicularius (L.) by using quantitative gas chromatography and by performing field bioassays with synthetic blends of key sex pheromone compounds. We found significant differences in sex pheromone blends among the bee populations, and the divergence in odour blends correlated positively with geographic distance, suggesting that genetic divergence among distant populations can affect sex pheromone chemistry. Our behavioural experiments, however, demonstrate that synthetic copies of allopatric female sex pheromones were cross-attractive to patrolling males from distant populations, making reproductive isolation by non-recognition of mating signals among populations unlikely. Our data also show that patrolling male bees from different populations preferred odour types from allopatric populations at the two sites of bioassays. These male preferences are not expected to select for changes in the female sex pheromone, but may influence the evolution of floral odour in sexually deceptive orchids of the genus Ophrys that are pollinated by C. cunicularius males.