Degradation of Populus euphratica community in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China

IntroductionRiparian systems are aquatic-terrestrial ecotones withunique biotic , biophysical and landscape characteristics(Gregory, 1991 ; Naiman, 1997 ; Wiens , 2002) and areshaped by fluvial geomorphic processes . Riparian plantcommunities perform an i…     

光化学反应的环境效应

光化学反应具有良好的环境效应，本文概述了有机合成和环境化学中光化学反应对环境的影响。     

青海滩间山金矿床地质特征及其铅同位素组成的地质意义

滩间山金矿床产于中元古界蓟县系万洞沟群碳质糜棱片岩和华力西晚期侵入岩中。该金矿床天在热水沉积、区域变质和热变质预富集的基础上，与区域绿片岩相脆韧性剪切变形变质带的退化演化同步，经历了脆韧性、韧脆性和脆性剪切变形成矿阶段的演化，井遭受华力西晚期侵入岩浆活动的叠加改造而形成的。矿区地层、侵入岩、矿石及黄铁矿的铅同位素组成表现出良好的亲缘关系，较清楚地反映了地层和侵入岩浆活动对成矿物质的贡献。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.     

Adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 in NO removal at low temperature

CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 samples were synthesized using hard-templating and evaporationinduced self-assembly(EISA) methods,respectively.The pore structures of CMK-3 and CFDU-15 as well as commercial activated carbon were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N_2 adsorption–desorption.Adsorption of NO was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis,temperature-programmed desorption of NO + O_2,and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 materials possessed ordered and uniform structures.The coadsorption capacity of NO and O_2 decreased in the sequence CMK-3(88.6 mg/g) C-FDU-15(71.7 mg/g) AC(25.3 mg/g).There were two main adsorption species on CMK-3 and CFDU-15:nitrite and nitrate.Nitrite is converted to nitrate easily.However,the adsorption species were more complex on AC,with nitrite being the main species.Moreover,CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 exhibit excellent regeneration efficiency compared with AC.The excellent NO adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 was associated with their ordered mesoporous structures and high surface areas.The research provides more options for NO adsorption in the future.     

2003～2005年大亚湾水螅水母类生态研究

根据2003年12月-2005年5月对大亚湾纬度22．563°以北海域进行的7个航次海域生态环境监测资料,对大亚湾水螅水母类的种类组成及优势种、数量分布、区系特征等作了探讨,结果表明:本次调查,大亚湾共出现水螅水母类40种,其中大洋性种有6种,其总N／O值为5．67,表明本海区水螅水母类的近岸性较强;四叶小舌水母(Liriope tetraphylla)是第一优势种,占水螅水母丰度的27．59％;大亚湾海域水螅水母类,其动物地理区划属印度-西太平洋区印-马亚区。     

几种重金属对皱纹盘鲍血细活性氧产生的影响

体外条件下利用化学发光法定量地研究了不同种类和不同浓度的重金属:Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb、C和Zn对皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬时活性氧产生的影响。结果表明,不同种类和不同浓度的重金属浸泡急性处理皱纹盘鲍血细胞都不同程度地抑制了血细胞吞噬时的化学发光,表明重金属能够抑制皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬活动中的活性氧(ROS)的产生,而且这种抑制作用随着重金属浓度的增加而加强。不同的重金属抑制强度不同,从强到弱以次为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn。研究表明六种重金属中,Hg对皱纹盘鲍血细胞的免疫毒性最大。     

土壤溶液中镉的化学形态及化学平衡研究

据土壤溶液的实际情况建立简便的平衡模式,研究了红壤、黄棕壤、黄潮土三种典型土壤溶液中Cd的化学形态和化学平衡.结果表明,溶液中Cd的主要形态为Cd~(2+)、CdCl~+和CdSO_4~6.黄潮土还有一定量的CdHCO_3~+,其它形态Cd很少,其中游离Cd~(2+)占绝大部分.红壤最高,黄棕壤次之.红壤施石灰后游离Cd~(2+)下降,CdSO_4~6增加;添加氯化物后,溶液pH下降,大量Cd进入溶液中,CdCl~+比例明显升高.溶液中Cd的形态分布与土壤Cd的生物有效性有一定关系.此外,溶解度图证明,供试土壤中不可能有Cd的矿物生成.Cd在固液相间的平衡受吸附解吸反应控制.     

四方山、达尔滨湖自然保护区植被及植物区系组成

本文论述了四方山、达尔滨湖自然保护区植被生态条件、植被类型、植物类群组成、生活型组成、水分生态类型及区系地理成分等调查成果。     

中国南方主要防火树种的防火特性及开发利用研究

本文采用多目标决策法对我国南方的主要防火树种进行初步筛选。在此基础上,以易燃的杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ）、马尾松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａ）为对照,对其代表性树种---木荷（Ｓｃｈｉｍａｓｕｐｅｒｂａ）、火力楠（Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｉａｍａｃｃｌｕｒｅｉ）、细柄阿丁枫（Ａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｇｒａｃｉｌｉｐｅｓ）等的防火特性进行比较研究。结果表明,防火树种具有着火温度高、水分含量高,且析出速率快、活化能高、挥发分发热量低等特点。主成分分析表明,树叶的着火温度、含水率、水分析出速率、活化能及挥发分发热量等可作为判断树种防火性能优劣的主要指标,而苯-乙醇抽取物和粗灰分含量等可作为辅助性判断指标。文章最后提出了主要防火树种的开发利用途径和对策。