中新天津生态城青坨子雨水泵站泵池及雨水管网臭味源分析

雨水泵站外排水体的恶臭对收纳水体水质具有重大影响。以中新天津生态城青坨子雨水泵站为研究区,通过对其泵池水样、雨水管网水样和底泥以及区域地下水的采样监测,分析了导致其外排水体黑臭的主要原因及潜在污染源。结果发现：雨水泵站泵池、雨水管网以及地下水中主要检出污染指标或污染物为电导率、溶解性总固体、总硬度、总碱度、化学需氧量、氯化物、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、钠、钾、钙和镁,其中雨水管网水样水质要略优于雨水泵站泵池水样和区域地下水水样。雨水管网底泥中主要检出污染物为氨氮和硫。雨水泵站泵池和雨水管网水体中的碳、氮和硫等在低氧环境中被还原生成CH₄、NH₃及H₂S,是导致泵池以及雨水管网水体恶臭的主要原因,而泵池及雨水管网水体和底泥中的硫化物在扰动条件下形成硫化铁、硫化锰是导致泵池以及雨水管网水体发黑的主要原因。另外,初期雨水及降雨径流污染是中新天津生态城青坨子雨水泵站污染物的主要来源。结合以上结论,中新天津生态城青坨子雨水泵站及雨水管网臭味处置拟采用曝气为主,防渗、清淤等技术相结合的方案。     

基于SWMM模型的城市已建区排水防涝提标改造途径探讨

随着城镇化建设高质量发展,城市排水防涝标准也在逐渐提高,因此,如何实施已建区排水系统的提标改造,是城市有机更新重要建设内容之一。以北京某已建区域为研究对象,提出了针对排水系统的排水能力和内涝防治标准GB 50014—2021《室外排水设计标准》统筹提标改造的方案,并借助于SWMM模型进行了方案优化评估。结果表明:通过海绵城市建设,在80%年径流总量控制率条件下,现状管网的排水能力可由1年一遇提标至2年一遇。在上述方案基础上,通过模拟评估内涝防治重现期(P=20 a)条件下雨水管网的过载情况,进一步提出并比较了调蓄池集中布置和分散布置2种方案,模拟结果表明:调蓄池末端集中布置无法解决上游区域管网的冒溢问题,而调蓄池分散式布置,可有效消除现状冒溢点,实现现状区域的内涝防治标准提高至20年一遇目标。因此,在已建区排水防涝提标改造过程中,根据场地空间条件,可优先考虑采用海绵城市建设与调蓄池分散式布置相结合的方式实现排水防涝提标改造目标。     

生物滞留池改善城市雨水径流水质的研究进展

如何有效控制城市雨水径流所带来的面源污染已成为城市管理工作所面临的重要难题之一.作为城市暴雨最佳管理措施(BMPs)中的技术之一,生物滞留池可有效控制城市面源污染.总结了生物滞留池在改善城市雨水径流水质方面的研究进展,简要分析了生物滞留池去除污染物的机制.研究结果表明,生物滞留池对雨水径流中的总悬浮颗粒物(TSS)、重...     

城市旅游区暴雨径流污染过程中的不透水面效应

选取武汉市动物园4种典型的不透水面暴雨径流污染特征进行了系统的研究，以期为旅游区面源污染危害评价和治理提供基本的依据。结果表明，动物园4种不透水面初期径流污染物浓度很高，COD最大值达1140mg／L，下垫面类型及地表累积污染物是影响径流水质的主要因素。通过无量纲累积曲线的分析，表明旅游区不透水面径流初期冲刷严重，该曲线还为面源治理提供了重要的工程参数。     

USING A GIS FOR ESTIMATING INPUT PARAMETERS IN URBAN STORMWATER QUALITY MODELING1

ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are being used increasingly as a method of preparing, analyzing, and displaying data for watershed analysis and modeling. Although GIS technology is a powerful tool for integrating and analyzing watershed characteristics, the initial preparation of the necessary database is often a time consuming and costly endeavor. This demonstration project assesses the viability of creating a cost-effective spatial database for urban stormwater modeling from existing digital and hard-copy data sources. The GIS was used to provide input parameters to the Source Loading and Management Model (SLANM), an empirical urban stormwater quality model. Land use characteristics, drainage boundaries, and soils information were geocoded and referenced to a base data layer consisting of transportation features. GIS overlay and data manipulation capabilities were utilized to preprocess the input data for the model. Model output was analyzed through postprocessing by GIS, and results were compared to a similar recent modeling study of the same watershed. The project, undertaken for a small urban watershed located in Plymouth, Minnesota, successfully demonstrates that the use of GIS in stormwater management can allow even small communities to reap the benefits of stormwater quality modeling.     

Nonstructural Urban Stormwater Quality Measures: Building a Knowledge Base to Improve Their Use

This article summarizes a research project that investigated the use, performance, cost, and evaluation of nonstructural measures to improve urban stormwater quality. A survey of urban stormwater managers from Australia, New Zealand, and the United States revealed a widespread trend of increasing use of nonstructural measures among leading stormwater management agencies, with at least 76% of 41 types of nonstructural measures being found to be increasing in use. Data gathered from the survey, an international literature review, and a multicriteria analysis highlighted four nonstructural measures of greatest potential value: mandatory town planning controls that promote the adoption of low-impact development principles and techniques; development of strategic urban stormwater management plans for a city, shire, or catchment; stormwater management measures and programs for construction/building sites; and stormwater management activities related to municipal maintenance operations such as maintenance of the stormwater drainage network and manual litter collections. Knowledge gained on the use and performance of nonstructural measures from the survey, literature review, and three trial evaluation projects was used to develop tailored monitoring and evaluation guidelines for these types of measure. These guidelines incorporate a new evaluation framework based on seven alternative styles of evaluation that range from simply monitoring whether a nonstructural measure has been fully implemented to monitoring its impact on waterway health. This research helps to build the stormwater management industry’s knowledge base concerning nonstructural measures and provides a practical tool to address common impediments associated with monitoring and evaluating the performance and cost of these measures.