中国、美国、摩洛哥磷矿资源优势及开发战略比较分析

从资源保护和优化利用的角度出发,比较了中国、美国、摩洛哥三国磷矿石的储量、品位、重金属含量、矿产集中度、运输距离等,发现摩洛哥磷矿资源具有极强的优势,而美国资源也要优于中国。在比较了矿产开发规模、回采率、产量、成本、可利用年度等指标后,发现美国与摩洛哥各有优劣,而中国明显落后。根据磷肥生产量估算,2003年中国磷矿实际消耗量达到10558×10⁴t标矿。根据现有开采水平和消费量估算,世界磷矿可以满足100年内的需求,但是中国P2O5≥30%的富矿资源仅能利用到2014年,提高回采率可能会达到2022年。中国磷矿资源开发策略欠佳,浪费严重、经济效益低下,导致远景供应堪忧。针对以上问题,提出了我国磷矿资源合理利用的若干建议。     

不同光环境下薇甘菊形态和生理可塑性及其响应研究

研究了华南地区外来入侵种薇甘菊Mikania micrantha H B Kunth不同光环境下形态和生理可塑性及其适应性响应。通过模拟开阔地段、林缘、大林窗、小林窗、林下等不同生境的的光照环境,并设计一个干扰实验,分析了薇甘菊的生长、碳同化以及生物量分配如何对光环境作出适应性响应。研究了当干扰发生时,薇甘菊如何对光环境的变化做出形态和生理可塑性响应。通过对其各项生物量分配及气体交换等指标的观测,在小林窗光照环境下薇甘菊生长缓慢生物量积累较少,但是如果一旦受到干扰,光照环境得到改善,薇甘菊将在很短的时间内通过适应性形态和生理可塑性响应,迅速体现出较强的入侵性。这也可能是入侵植物薇甘菊＂坐待对策（sit and wait strategy）＂的生动体现：如果外界环境不利,暂且先保持繁殖体（种子或者根茎）,一旦条件成熟（发生干扰条件得到改善或者遗传变异或者生态生理的积累）,就会迅速爆发。所以我们一方面,不用担心郁闭的森林会被薇甘菊入侵,但另一方面也要注意干扰会引起光照等环境条件的改变,使得原来潜伏于林下的薇甘菊繁殖体重新变得富有入侵性。     

高寒草甸退化对甘肃马先蒿生长状况与花期资源分配的影响

甘肃马先蒿（Pedicularis kansuensis）作为高寒草甸退化进程中的一种入侵毒杂草,其生长状况和繁殖特征为草地退化状况的重要指标,也是衡量高寒草甸演替进程的重要指示植物。通过比较重度退化和未退化高寒草甸的群落特征,甘肃马先蒿的生长状况与花期资源分配,结果表明：退化的高寒草甸土壤-植被系统变化明显,高寒草甸退化显著影响了甘肃马先蒿的生长状况和资源分配特征。在重度退化的黑土滩样地中,甘肃马先蒿个体形态特征如株高、根长、分叉数、叶片数、花数、总生物量都显著高于未退化高寒矮嵩草草甸样地;重度退化草甸中甘肃马先蒿花期各器官的资源投资状况,如根系投资、茎叶投资、繁殖投资分别为7.46%、48.76%、43.78%,未退化样地中甘肃马先蒿的根系投资、茎叶投资、繁殖投资分别为10.12%、54.34%、35.54%。在重度退化高寒草甸中甘肃马先蒿占据较大的生态位,长势良好,且将资源更多地用于繁殖投入。而未退化草甸中甘肃马先蒿优势度不大,更多的是将资源分配到根系和茎叶等营养器官,以期获得较多的水分、无机盐、光照等资源,增强个体竞争力。甘肃马先蒿在不同生境下资源分配的显著差异实质反映了草地退化的影响,亦是植物对外部环境改变的一种适应机制,同时也是植物可塑性的重要表现形式。     

Reproductive strategy and singing activity: blue tit and great tit compared

The costs and benefits of bird song are likely to vary among species, and different singing patterns may reflect differences in reproductive strategies. We compared temporal patterns of singing activity in two songbird species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and the great tit (Parus major). The two species live side by side year round, and they have similar breeding ecology and similar rates of extra-pair paternity. However, they differ in two aspects of reproductive strategy that may have an influence on song output: blue tits are facultatively polygynous and have a fairly short breeding season with almost no second broods, whereas great tits are socially monogamous but more commonly raise second broods. We found that great tit males continued singing at high levels during the egg-laying and incubation periods, while monogamously paired blue tit males strongly reduced singing activity after the first days of egg-laying by their female. Since males of both species sang much more intensely shortly before sunrise than after sunrise, at midday or in the evening, this difference was most conspicuous at dawn. No differences in singing activity were found within species when testing for male age. We suggest that in contrast to blue tits, great tit males continued singing after egg-laying to defend the territory and to encourage the female for a possible second brood.     

我国现代农业发展路线与发展战略

在当前,我国现代农业发展背负着重大包袱,面临着日益激烈的国际竞争,大力发展现代农业成为迫切需要.世界农业形势出现了新的变化,集中体现在理念创新、科技创新和制度创新.结合我围发展现代农业的国情,构建一个以产业理念创新为核心,以科技创新为动力,以组织保障制度创新为支撑的现代农业发展战略框架,描绘一个30年跨度的我国农业发展路线图,具有积极的理论意义与现实意义.     

高新技术产业中的灾害经济问题初探

高新技术产业是知识经济时代的主要支柱产业，其快速发展在为人类带来巨大利益的同时，往往具有更高的孕灾潜势和事故风险。本文分析了高新技术灾害经济问题的特殊性，并提出了减灾防灾应采取的主要措施。     

西藏“一江两河”资源开发和综合发展规划

本文简要介绍了西藏“一江两河”中部流域的开发工程,并提出了制定发展战略应考虑的几个问题。充分利用区域的特殊自然条件,制定合理的能源开发战略,以阻止生态环境恶化,促进区域经济和社会发展,有利于民族团结和社会进步。     

Site Tenacity in the Willow Ptarmigan (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lagopus lagopus</Emphasis> L.) in the Northern Yamal Peninsula

The return of willow ptarmigans to the sites in which they nested the previous year has been studied using color banding. No factors influencing the return index have been revealed, except for its dependence in males on the time when spring begins in a given year. In northernYamal, in contrast to the temperate zone, some surviving birds fail to return to their former nesting sites. Polymorphism of individuals with respect to territorial behavioral strategy is proposed for L. lagopus populations at the northern boundary of the species range.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 3, 2005, pp. 215–221.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Tarasov.     

Crisis management of SARS in a hospital

INTRODUCTION: A large general hospital was suddenly disabled by an in-hospital outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS). METHOD: The crisis was successfully managed by a Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) that included: (a) containment of SARS patients on a special floor and evacuation of the patients from the infected and near-around floors; (b) sorting of the hospital into areas and floors to avoid cross contact of people; (c) triage of patients into groups according to risks; (d) closure of the emergency room and outpatient clinics; and (e) set up of an outdoor fever screening station and emergency service. RESULTS: The situation was quickly controlled after the implementation of these procedures. The central argument in this case is that crisis managerial behavior is the result of how managers channel and distribute the attention of their crisis sense. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: What managers should do depends on what risk issues and actions related to risk independency, efficiency, safety priority, and transparency they take. What risk issues and actions they take depends on the crisis sense and on how management responds to leadership, resource, and execution.     

Impact of Fencing on the Recovery of the Ground Flora on Heavily Eroded Slopes of a Deciduous Forest

This paper seeks to outline early stages in the recovery of forest ground flora on eroded slopes impacted by recreation activities and to suggest how these data might be applied in the formulation of management policies for forest recreation areas. Based on a fencing experiment in the Sonian Forest near Brussels, we investigated whether, over a 6-year period, the vegetation was able to recover after having been destroyed by recreation use. Short-term trends in overall species composition were already observable during this 6-year study. Species recovery on eroded hills was related to slope, aspect, and soil type. During the considered time scale, the proportion of hemicryptophytes and the number of ancient forest species increased significantly. A downward trend was detected for Ellenbergs nitrogen and temperature indexes and for the proportion of therophytes and pioneer plants of disturbed places. Changes in species frequencies suggest six recovery strategies: early, late, expanding, disappearing, transient, and fluctuating species. Aside from seedling reproduction from overstory influences, Luzula sylvatica appeared to be the most resilient of the species identified in the study since this species has the highest global frequency in our sampling plots and has increased its cover during the study period. Study results indicate that (1) protection from recreation has initiated the recovery of species in the herb layer, but (2) it may take a long time before vegetation previously present in the ground flora may recover in both density and species composition.