原子荧光光度法同时测定土壤中砷、硒含量研究

土壤中砷和硒的测定有多种方法,一般对两种元素含量进行单独测定,过程比价繁琐,不利于批量分析。本文提出了一种可同时测定土壤中砷、硒含量的方法,该方法采用盐酸和高氯酸一次消解土样,用原子荧光光度法同时测定土壤中的砷、硒,具有操作简便、测定结果准确等特点。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定饮用水中铊的探讨

研究了石墨炉原子吸收测定饮用水中铊的测定条件,为提高水样预处理的浓缩效果,对水样共沉淀条件进行详细探讨,结果表明:溴水用量2 mL,pH控制在7～9,陈化时间大于32 h时水样预处理效果最好,方法检出限为0.01 ug/L,实际水样平均回收率90.5%～103%。     

空气质量自动监测站房空调节能技术设计与实现

空气质量自动监测仪的正常使用温度为5℃~30℃,在中国北方地区使用要特别注意寒冷季节的防冻及酷热季节降温通风问题。为确保自动监测仪器的长期正常运转,发挥仪器的作用,在监测站房内冬季都配备取暖设施、夏季配备大功率空调。本研究充分利用自然环境资源,采用了引排风节能系统与空调联动控制技术,将室外的冷空气引入监测站房内给监测设备强制降温,排出室内热空气。有效地解决了冬季监测站房内温度过高的问题,减少了设备的故障率,使空调不必全年不停运行,每天可降低空调使用时间达10小时以上,节省了大量的电能。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS法测定黑臭河流中二甲基三硫醚

该研究在优化分析条件的基础上,采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用方法测定了黑臭河流水体中二甲基三硫醚的含量。通过研究萃取头涂层、萃取温度、萃取时间、水样体积和气相色谱进样口温度对二甲基三硫醚萃取效率的影响,得到了二甲基三硫醚最佳预处理和检测条件为:采用CAR-PDMS(75μm)萃取头,取20 mL待测水样在45℃恒温搅拌下顶空萃取30 min,进样口温度为250℃。采用优化后的方法对实际城市黑臭河流水样进行了检测,测得的二甲基三硫醚的浓度范围为5 853～8 939 ng/L。     

环境水体中三嗪类除草剂的SPME-GCMS联用仪测定

文章研究了固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术测定环境水体中的11种三嗪类除草剂的方法.选择了以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)/二乙烯苯(DVB)和聚丙烯(PA)作为涂层材料的两种不同固相微萃取纤维对11种除草剂的萃取能力进行比较,PDMS/DVB萃取效果较好.为了提高萃取效果,分别从pH、解吸温度、萃取时间、盐效应等方面优...     

施工现场扬尘排放特征分析

为了研究施工扬尘排放特征,在施工现场进行颗粒物质量浓度、数浓度、粒径分布和气象参数的现场监测,分析施工现场颗粒物排放特征。结果显示,施工现场颗粒物浓度高于背景值,测试期间PM10浓度变化较大,并且出现短时间的浓度高值,工地内扬尘既受气象条件的影响又与工地现场的操作活动有关。从粒径方面看,施工现场粒径较大的颗粒物数量比例大于背景环境中的比例。施工现场PM10浓度与风速、温度和湿度呈正相关,工地内车辆运输和施工活动均为重要扬尘源。     

造纸废水二级生化出水的电离辐射深度处理

探讨了采用电离辐射对造纸废水二级生化出水进行深度处理的可行性.结果表明,二级生化出水主要由相对分子质量为1000～3000和3000以上的有机物组成,它们对COD的贡献分别为69.5%和6.9%,它们对溶解性有机质（DOC）的贡献分别为40.6%和31.6%.电离辐射促使废水中的一些大分子有机物向小分子有机物转化,相对...     

沈阳市冬季大气颗粒物元素浓度及富集因子的粒径分布

利用安德森分级撞击式采样器进行大气颗粒物分级采样,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析其中Na～Bi等40余种元素,讨论了沈阳冬季典型霾日、非霾日和除夕日元素质量浓度和富集因子粒径分布特征及来源.结果表明：霾日大气颗粒物质量浓度高于非霾日,粒径分布相似,呈双峰型,霾日更易富集细粒子.无论在霾日、非霾日还是在除夕...     

Photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet light

The photodegradation of persistent and bioaccumulative perftuorooctanoic acid （PFOA） in water by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） light was examined to develop an effective technology to deal with PFOA pollution. PFOA degraded very slowly under irradiation of 254 nm UV light. However, 61.7% of initial PFOA was degraded by 185 nm VUV light within 2 h, and defluorination ratio reached 17.1%. Pseudo first-order-kinetics well simulated its degradation and defluorination. Besides, fluoride ion formed in water, 4 shorter-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids （PFCAs）, that is, perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoropentanoic acid, and perfluorobutanoic acid. These were identified as intermediates by LC-MS measurement. These PFCAs consecutively formed and further degraded with irradiation time. According to the mass balance calculation, no other byproducts were formed. It was proposed that PFCAs initially are decarboxylated by 185 nm light, and the radical thus formed reacts with water to form shorter-chain PFCA with one less CF2 unit.     

Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes treated by potassium permanganate for determination of trace cadmium prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this study we investigated the enrichment ability of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and established a new method for the determination of trace cadmium in environment with flame atomic absorption spectrometry.The MWCNTs were oxidized by potassium permanganate under appropriate conditions before use as preconcentration packing.Parameters influencing the recoveries of target analytes were optimized.Under optimal conditions,the target analyte exhibited a good linearity (R~2=0.9992) over the concentration range 0.5-50 ng/ml.The detection limit and precision of the proposed method were 0.15 ng/ml and 2.06%, respectively.The proposed method was applied to the determination of cadmium in real-world environmental samples and the recoveries were in the range of 91.3%-108.0%.All these experimental results indicated that this new procedure could be applied to the determination of trace cadmium in environmental waters.