Mercury distribution and bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopper-spider food chain in Huludao City, China

The purpose of this study is to investigate total mercury (THg) distribution and its bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopperspider in the Huludao City, which is polluted seriously by chlor-alkali and zinc smelting industry in Northeast of China. Results indicated that average THg concentrations in soil, plant leaves, grasshopper Locusta migratoria manilensis and Acrida chinensis, and spider were 0.151, 0.119, 0.167 and 0.134 mg/kg, respectively. THg spatial distribution suggested that most of mercury came from the chlor-alkali plant and the two zinc smelteries. The highest mercury concentration was found in the wings among different grasshoppers’ organs. Although spiders are the predatory, THg concentrations in their bodies were not high, and only on the same level as in grasshoppers, which might be due to spiders’ special living habits. In the light of the mercury transportation at every stage of the soil-plant-grasshopper-spider food chain, the bioaccumulation factors were 0.03, 0.79–1.11 and 0.80–1.13 respectively. It suggested that mercury biomagnification up terrestrial food chains was not so large and obvious as it was in the aquatic food chain.     

Removal of elemental mercury by iodine-modified rice husk ash sorbents

Iodine-modified calcium-based rice husk ash sorbents(I2/CaO/RHA) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,and N2 isotherm adsorption/desorption.Adsorption experiments of vapor-phase elemental mercury(Hg0) were performed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor.I2/CaO/RHA performances on Hg0 adsorption were compared with those of modified Ca-based fly ash sorbents(I2/CaO/FA) and modified fly ash sorbents(I2/FA) .Effects of oxidant loading,supports,pore size distribution,iodine impregnation modes,and temperature were investigated as well to understand the mechanism in capturing Hg0.The modified sorbents exhibited reasonable effciency for Hg0 removal under simulated flue gas.The surface area,pore size distribution,and iodine impregnation modes of the sorbents did not produce a strong effect on Hg0 capture effciency,while fair correlation was observed between Hg0 uptake capacity and iodine concentration.Therefore,the content of I2 impregnated on the sorbents was identified as the most important factor influencing the capacity of these sorbents for Hg0 uptake.Increasing temperature in the range of 80-140°C caused a rise in Hg0 removal.A reaction mechanism that may explain the experimental results was presumed based on the characterizations and adsorption study.     

喀斯特地区黄壤和石灰土剖面化学组成变化与风化成土过程

对西南喀斯特地区典型黄壤和石灰土剖面土壤主量和微量元素组成变化特征进行了研究,提供了有关岩石风化和土壤形成过程的信息。所研究的土壤相对于上地壳普遍富集P和Mn,而亏损Na、K、Ca、Mg元素。与黄壤相比,石灰土具有较高含量的K、Rb和较低含量的Sr元素,同时具有较高Th/Ta,Rb/Sr比值和CIA的特征,指示两类土壤成土母质的差别和石灰土较强的风化程度。不同地区同种类型土壤以及同一地区不同类型土壤的化学组成具有显著差别,反映了不同区域和不同类型土壤在成土母质、风化成土过程和程度上的差异。     

烟气多污染物控制技术研究进展

介绍了美国俄亥俄州R.E.Burger燃煤电厂采用电催化氧化（ECO）技术控制多种污染物排放的示范项目。该ECO系统可以有效减少SO2,NOX,PM2.5,Hg的排放量,实现多污染物控制一体化,副产品可以有效利用,投资费用低,占地面积少。     

我国汞供需现状分析及削减对策

基于国内汞供需领域、供需量的调研和现状分析,确定了目前汞的主要供应源包括汞矿开采、汞回收和进口,主要需求领域有乙炔法聚氯乙烯生产工艺、体温计、血压计、电池和电光源等.从汞供需削减面临的国际压力、国内日趋严格的环保要求以及供需总体增长的现状出发,阐述了汞供需削减的必要性,并针对主要汞供需领域,从汞及含汞产品的进出口贸易、汞矿开采、替代产品和工艺的应用以及最佳环境实践的实施等方面提出了削减对策建议.     

Effects of methyl-, phenyl-, ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals （Phoca vitulina）

Mercury (Hg) is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic e ects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor , were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive e ect on proliferation, di erences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic e ect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic e ects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.     

中国主要红树林湿地沉积物中汞的分布特征

通过对我国主要红树林区表层沉积物中总汞含量和环境因素的测定,研究了红树林湿地沉积物中汞的分布规律和影响因子之间的关系.结果表明,我国红树林湿地沉积物中总汞的含量范围是2.3~903.6 ng.g-1,平均值为(197±137.6)ng.g-1,福建洛阳桥[(467.5±68.8)ng.g-1]、浮宫[(438.2±147.0)ng.g-1]、鹅湾[(264.3±89.2)ng.g-1]、姚家屿[(125.4±27.1)ng.g-1],海南三亚[(164.8±143.9)ng.g-1]、东寨港[(314.1±335.7)ng.g-1],广东深圳[(179.9±7.7)ng.g-1]等7个红树林区的汞含量均显著高于当地土壤背景值,汞污染严重;而福建云霄[(63.3±43.9)ng.g-1]、广东高桥[(178.6±127.0)ng.g-1]、广西大冠沙[(26.1±18.8)ng.g-1]、山口[(73.8±21.1)ng.g-1]、北仑河口[(117.8±51.4)ng.g-1]、钦州湾[(147.5±107.6)ng.g-1]等红树林区汞含量接近于背景值,基本无污染.红树林湿地中汞含量的差异是众多环境因素和人...     

中国煤中汞的环境行为及效应研究

针对目前学术界对汞污染研究的关注,分析归纳了国内外有关煤矿开采与利用活动中汞的环境行为与效应研究.主要结论为目前研究主要集中在煤中汞的形态及含量、燃煤汞释放特征及其环境效应等方面,而对煤炭燃烧前的环境危害、矿区汞污染特征及形成机理等方面研究较缺乏,并提出未来研究方向应着重放在矿区汞的污染特征及其形成机制、环境过程及环境效应等方面.     

潮间带海洋沉积物——大气痕量汞的释放及释放通量研究

在对厦门海域汞污染调查的基础上,选择典型区域的海洋沉积物作为研究对象,系统地研究了潮间带海洋沉积物痕量汞在光照和遮光作用下的释放过程、释放通量以及影响释放通量的主要因素。研究结果表明,光照作用有利于潮间带海洋沉积物痕量汞的释放,平均释放通量大约是遮光作用下的1.7～1.9倍;潮间带海洋沉积物中痕量汞的释放通量随着大气温度、沉积物-水系统温度和光照强度的升高而增加;随着大气相对湿度的增加而降低;而风速对其影响不明显。     

锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人发中锑、砷和汞的污染特征

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS),对经过硝酸-高氯酸消解后的锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人体头发样品中重金属锑(Sb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)含量进行分析.结果表明,锡矿山矿区人体头发中Sb、As、Hg平均含量分别为15.9、 4.21、 1.79 μg/g,贵阳市人体头发中Sb、As、Hg平均含量分别为0.532、 0.280、 0.338 μg/g.锡矿山矿区人体头发中Sb、As、Hg含量明显高于贵阳市人体头发中相应元素的含量.通过独立样本的t检验发现,Sb、As在锡矿山矿区和贵阳市两地男性人体发样中和女性人体发样中含量不具显著差异(p>0.05);Hg在锡矿山矿区男性和女性人体头发中含量差异不显著(p>0.05),而在贵阳市则男性人体头发样品中Hg含量显著高于女性(p<0.05).人发中重金属As与Sb、As与Hg含量之间有较明显的相关性,Sb与Hg含量之间不具有显著相关性(p≤0.01).研究结果说明,锑矿开采和冶炼区域重金属Sb、As、Hg对人体健康的危害明显比非锑矿开采区域相应的重金属对人体健康的危害严重.