2015年海南省火电行业大气环境影响研究

基于火电企业在线监测数据、环境统计数据、排污许可及火电排放清单等，分析各统计口径下的海南火电大气污染物排放量差异，并基于在线监测数据分析海南省火电排放时间变化规律.分别设置现状、排污许可及超低排放3种情景，采用CALPUFF模型分析3种情景下火电厂对海南大气环境的影响.结果显示，不同统计口径下火电厂各污染物排放量差异较大，最大差值可达到5.65倍；在时间维度上，海南省火电行业污染物排放量月际分布较平稳，每月污染物排放量约占全年的7%~10%，24h变化呈现明显“两峰两谷”特征.在大气环境影响方面，火电企业大气SO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度分布总体呈现西部高东部低的趋势.现状情景下火电企业对各城市年均浓度影响范围为SO₂ 0.001~0.015μg/m³、NO_x 0~0.01μg/m³、PM₁₀ 0.001~0.006μg/m³、PM_2.5 0~0.003μg/m³，最高浓度基本出现在东方市、临高县.火电厂对大气环境的影响程度为许可情景>现状情景>超低情景，执行排污许可时火电厂排放PM₁₀和NO_x对各城市均值年均浓度较现状情景分别增加50%和38%；全面实施超低排放后，火电厂对大气环境影响有明显改善，SO₂和PM_2.5对各城市均值年均浓度较现状情景分别降低57%和69%.     

应急监测分析方法存在的问题及建议

环境污染事故应急监测工作是处置突发性环境污染事故的前提和保证,而应急监测分析方法则是开展环境污染事故应急监测工作的基础和手段.通过对中国环境应急监测分析方法的现状、使用情况的阐述,同时结合三个实际案例,指出了存在的主要问题;并针对性的提出了建立和完善环境监测分析方法体系、对现有环境监测分析方法进行技术分级、重视应急监测期间的质量保证/质量控制(QA/QC)工作、加强监测人员应急监测技术培训等四点建议.     

遥感监测沙尘暴的研究进展及趋势

沙尘暴是一种气象灾害,也是严重的生态环境问题.它对自然环境和经济社会的危害已越来越引起人类的重视.随着环境遥感的发展,运用遥感技术对沙尘暴进行监测是最有效的方法之一.文章通过对中国沙尘暴遥感监测研究的现状的概述以及对当前遥感应用的技术水平的分析,展望了未来遥感监测沙尘暴的发展趋势.     

水体有机污染生物监测的研究进展

文章综述了有机污染物对环境污染的现状和对人类造成的危害,以及利用生物对水体中有机污染物(特别是持久性有机污染物)进行监测的研究现状,并展望了生物监测技术的发展前景.     

Composition analysis of colored dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake based on three dimension excitation-emission fuorescence matrix and PARAFAC model, and the potential application in water quality monitoring

Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis (CODCr and BOD5) and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 (r=0.72878). Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.     

水质自动监测站运行管理常见问题和解决方法

近几年烟台市大沽夹河流域水质自动监测站运行管理中的一些经验，对水质自动监测zhong容易产生的问题进行简要介绍，同时对这些问题的解决方法和对策进行探讨。     

秦皇岛海域生态环境特征与赤潮监测

在简述秦皇岛海域自然环境特征与营养盐分布及赤潮生物特征的基础上，采用营养状态指数和浮游植物生态特征指标对该海域富营养化状态给予评价。调查表明，该海域自７０ 年代末以来共发现３２种赤潮生物。     

南水北调中线水源区浮游植物与水质研究

2003~2005年对南水北调中线水源区水体浮游植物的调查结果表明,该水域共有浮游植物96种及变种,隶属于8门63属,其中种类最多的藻类植物依次是硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻.藻类的细胞密度表现出夏季最高、冬季最低的明显季节变化.运用Margalef和Menkinick多样性指数对该水域的水质进行评价,结果显示,水体为寡污型,基本处于中营养状态.图3表3参14     

神经网络模型在辽河水质量评价中的应用

为准确的反映辽河水质量状况和发展趋势，在对辽河水质监测采样和实验分析的基础上，建立了水质评价的BP神经网络模型，应用该模型对辽河的水质现状进行了质量综合评价，4个监测断面的评价结果均在4～4．5之间，水污染情况较为严重。该评价结果与监测断面污染项目的超标情况分析的结论吻合，评价效果较好。     

Use of Integrated Modeling to Enhance Estimates of Population Dynamics Obtained from Limited Data

Abstract:  Demographic data of rare and endangered species are often too sparse to estimate vital rates and population size with sufficient precision for understanding population growth and decline. Yet, the combination of different sources of demographic data into one statistical model holds promise. We applied Bayesian integrated population modeling to demographic data from a colony of the endangered greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) . Available data were the number of subadults and adults emerging from the colony roost at dusk, the number of newborns from 1991 to 2005, and recapture data of subadults and adults from 2004 and 2005. Survival rates did not differ between sexes, and demographic rates remained constant across time. The greater horseshoe bat is a long-lived species with high survival rates (first year: 0.49 [SD 0.06]; adults: 0.91 [SD 0.02]) and low fecundity (0.74 [SD 0.12]). The yearly average population growth was 4.4% (SD 0.1%) and there were 92 (SD 10) adults in the colony in year 2005. Had we analyzed each data set separately, we would not have been able to estimate fecundity, the estimates of survival would have been less precise, and the estimate of population growth biased. Our results demonstrate that integrated models are suitable for obtaining crucial demographic information from limited data.