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41.
镉引起蚕豆(Vicia faba)叶片DNA损伤和细胞凋亡研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
以蚕豆为研究对象,采用碱性、半碱性和中性彗星实验方法研究Cd对植物DNA的损伤,同时还采用DAPI染色法从细胞形态学入手研究Cd诱导的蚕豆叶片的细胞凋亡.用3种彗星实验研究Cd处理蚕豆叶片DNA损伤,结果表明Cd能够引起蚕豆叶片DNA损伤,但是不同Cd浓度引起DNA损伤的种类不同:5mg·L-1Cd处理主要引起单链DNA损伤和碱性不稳定位点的形成;10mg·L-1Cd处理时开始检测到DNA双链断裂;20mg·L-1Cd处理下,各种类型的DNA损伤均明显增加,且DNA双链断裂尤其明显.DAPI染色法通过细胞形态学变化来检测蚕豆叶片细胞凋亡的结果表明,蚕豆叶片细胞在Cd处理下发生凋亡的过程与DNA损伤过程有很大的相关性.结果表明,Cd是一种基因毒性物质,同时证明Cd引起的DNA损伤是引起细胞发生凋亡的机制之一. 相似文献
42.
东亚钳蝎抑制型神经毒素基因在昆虫细胞中的表达及活性鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基因BmKIT3R 是根据东亚钳蝎 (ButhusmartensiiKarsch)抑制型神经毒素基因BmKIT3 优化而得的 .将优化过的蝎毒素基因BmKIT3R 通过Bac to Bac操作技术 ,使重组杆状病毒基因组DNA转染到草地粘虫sf2 1细胞中对IT3R 基因进行表达 ,经SDS PAGE检测在 8.7× 10 3 处有一表达条带 .表达产物经生物鉴定 ,证明具有很高的活性 ,它对昆虫具有非常明显的致死作用 .图 3参 5 相似文献
43.
用改良彗星试验检测工业废水的DNA损伤作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用改良彗星试验直接检测了多种工业废水不所引起的V79细胞DNA损伤。结果表明,所测的种各工业废话水均含有DNA损伤剂,能够诱发培养的V79细胞DNA链断裂,其中以制革厂不的DNA损伤作用最强。本研究显示出改良彗星试验在综合评价各种废水遗传毒性方面具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
44.
用中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(V_(79)),进行次黄嘌呤—鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶位点(HGPRT Locus)试验,检测了上海市若干环境污染物的诱变性。结果发现,污染物量与诱变性之间呈剂量—反应关系。所有样品经代谢活化后(加S_9),其诱变性均有增高的趋势。卷烟焦油、油烟冷凝物的T/C值均>3,而不加S_9的黄浦江水和自来水样,则对V_(79)细胞可能具有间接的诱变作用(T/C值<3)。 相似文献
45.
46.
农业草类废物既是一种废弃物,也是一种资源,由于其富含有机质,可通过厌氧生物降解产生沼气。本文研究了农业草类废物的好氧预处理对其固含量成分,生物沼气产生潜力(BMP),甲烷浓度,产气速率的影响进行了研究;并计算了作为一级反应的反应速率常数,其结果表明模型与实验值一致性较好。 相似文献
47.
Takayuki Kameda Satoshi Sanukida Koji Inazu Yoshiharu Hisamatsu Yasuaki Maeda Norimichi Takenaka Hiroshi Bandow 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):6937-6945
The association of the direct-acting mutagenicity of soluble organic fraction of airborne particles toward Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 strain with the direct emission was investigated at a roadside and at a residential area in Osaka, Japan. The direct-acting mutagenicity was evaluated as mutagenic activity per unit volume of ambient air (rev m−3) and/or that per airborne particulate weight collected on a filter (rev mg−1). The annual or diurnal changes of the mutagenicity of airborne particles at the residential site showed similar patterns to those of some gaseous pollutants such as NO2 and SO2, which were emitted from combustion processes. This result indicates that the mutagenicity is mainly attributable to the primary emissions. From the analysis of the relationship between the wind sector and the mutagenic intensity, rev m−3 and rev mg−1 values were strongly affected by the emissions from the fixed sources and from the mobile sources, respectively. The rev m−3 value and concentration of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in unit per m3 at the roadside were a factor of 2.6 and 2.8 higher than those at the residential site, respectively, but the rev mg−1 value and concentration of 1-NP in unit per mg at the roadside were substantially comparable to those at the residential area. These observations suggest that the characteristics of the airborne particles can be attributed to the automotive emissions even at the suburban area. 相似文献
48.
Distribution of endocrine disruptors in the Llobregat River basin (Catalonia, NE Spain) 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The Llobregat basin is a Mediterranean fluvial system with major agricultural, urban and industrial impacts. We combined chemical quantification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with electrospray interface (LC-ESI-MS) and the recombinant yeast assay (RYA) assays to estimate the loads of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) along the basin. Chemical analysis revealed maximum concentrations (at μg l−1 level) of alkylphenols at the lower course of the Llobregat River, which correlated with high levels of estrogenic activity detected by RYA. Analysis by RYA and LC-ESI-MS of influent and effluent waters from four sewage treatment plants (STP) discharging into the basin showed the removal of 80–95% of EDCs by STP treatment. Chemical analysis data and RYA data showed a quasi-linear correlation, demonstrating the complementariness of both methods. Our data suggest that the concentrations of the analysed compounds were enough to explain the total estrogenicity of water and STP samples from the Llobregat basin. 相似文献
49.
Degradation and detoxification of microcystin-LR in drinking water by
sequential use of UV and ozone
Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are strong hepatotoxins and classified as possible carcinogens.MCs pose a considerable threat to human health through tainted drinking and surface waters.Herein filtrated water from a waterworks in Harbin,China,was spiked with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) extracted from a toxic scum of microcystis aeruginosa,and the spiked sample waters were treated using UV irradiation with consequent ozonation process (UV/O3),compared with ozonation at a dose range commonly applied in water treatment plants,UV irradiation at 254 nm and UV irradiation combined with ozonation (UV+O3),respectively.The remaining of toxins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and also determined using a protein phosphatase type 2A inhibition assay,which was utilized to evaluate the reduction in toxicity.Results indicated that in comparison to other three processes (O3,UV,and UV+O3),UV/O 3 process could effectively decrease both the concentration and toxicity of MC-LR at 100 μg/L level after 5 min UV irradiation with consequent 5 min ozonation at 0.2 mg/L (below 1 μg/L),while 0.5 mg/L ozone dose was required for the level below 0.1 μg/L.The addition of an UV treatment step to the existing treatment train may induce significant transformation of micropollutants and breaks down the natural organic matters into moieties unfavorable for ozone decomposition,stabilizing the ozone residual.These findings suggested that sequential use of UV and ozone may be a suitable method for the removal of these potentially hazardous microcystins from drinking water. 相似文献
50.