城市防灾减灾设施的层级选址问题建模

提出了城市防灾减灾设施的层级选址问题,并对其进行了分类.针对高低级设施相对独立和相互从属的层级选址问题进行了建模.依据城市防灾减灾设施选址问题的特点,提出了两阶段的层级选址过程:(1)使用位置集合覆盖模型确定能覆盖全部需求点所必需的最少设施数量和位置,作为基本等级设施的选址;(2)对独立型层级选址问题,使用最大覆盖准则确定高级设施的位置,对从属型层级选址问题,使用极小和准则确定高级设施的位置.对层级选址问题模型的应用进行了讨论.     

STATE WATER QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM IN ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: Arizona's water pollution control program is based on authorties of Arizona Revised Statutes and Public Law 92–500, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. The primary areas of this program are monitoring, facility inspections, plan review, planning, discharge permits and grants for the construction of publicly-owned waste water treatment facilities. The discharge permit program deals with control of point-source discharges and is administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The planning and construction grants programs are administered by the State Water Quality Control Council and are implemented by the Bureau of Water Quality Control, which serves as staff to the Council. There are several challenges that face the State in this program. First is the adaptation of the “eastern law” to deal with Arizona's water quality problems. Second is to address problems caused by a long history of “laissez-faire” environmental quality management. Third is a mutual cooperation and coordination among the many entities involved in water resources management. Areas of particular interest in the State's program is the process setting water quality standards and the involvement of people of diversified backgrounds in the field of areawide planning under Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which is primarily concerned with non-point sources of water pollution.     

The International Environmental Expert Panel for Major Dam/Reservoir Projects: The Yellow River, China

The experience of the International Expert Panel on Environment for the Xiaolangdi dam/reservoir project in China (XEP) showed that the Panel meetings resulted in a marked improvement in project environmental performance by all parties participating in project implementation, with no parties exempt from the Panel's evaluations. Unfortunately the Loan Agreement authorizes use of the Panel only through the project stages of final design and construction, hence the 12th Panel meeting, which matched project construction completion, ended this series. The Panel has recommended that some meetings of the Panel be held during the project's operations stage in order to maintain continuing attention to environmental needs. The XEP experience showed that the XEP, in addition to monitoring project environmental performance, was very valuable for (i) training of Chinese staff involved in project implementation, and (ii) serving in the role as expert consultant for guiding the work of the Chinese participants. The XEP experience also showed the need for making a clear separation between evaluation, the overall resettlement program per se, and the environmental effects of the program. The Panel recommended that the Ministry of Water Resources and World Bank cooperate in sponsoring a book on The Environmental History of the Xiaolangdi Project, including both dam construction as well as resettlement problems, which would serve as a very valuable reference for guiding environmental planning for future dam projects in China (Ludwig, H.F. 1994–2000).     

竣工验收监测中有关污水处理设施的几个问题

文章分析了在建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测中，污水处理设施在设计、运行及环境监测和管理方面存在的问题，并就存在的问题提出了解决的措施。     

A Mediation Case for Resolving the Energy and Environment Dispute at Aliağa-İzmir, Turkey

A mediation exercise to resolve the ongoing dispute against these power plant projects at Aliağa was recommended and participated in by the author in 1997. In this article the basis of the continuing environmental concern about the feared impacts of the new power plants, procedure, and results of this mediation are mentioned. The basis of the “energy versus environment” dispute in Aliağa are introduced. Mediation exercise and its end results have been criticized.     

建立“施工期“三同时”环境保护措施建设”环境监理制度的分析研究

论文提出了项目施工期过程中必须对该项目正常生产后的环境保护设施("三同时"环保措施)安装建设必须实行环境监理;并主要从两方面对项目建设施工期实施环境监理制度的必要性作了阐述,一是从制度建设、减少环境风险、环保设施竣工验收等三方面论述了建立施工期环境监理的必要性;二是建立后从制度合法化、第三面咨询认证、检查机制、奖惩制度等四方面推进制度的实施;表明了建立良好的施工期环境监理有助于项目建设全过程管理、提高环境监管水平和促进生态文明建设。     

应对数字化地形变观测干扰分析与实践

文章在讨论、分析2010年5月初密封前后主要气象因素(大风、气压、强降水)对淮北台定点地形变观测影响的基础上,认为大风主要对倾斜仪产生干扰,气压主要对伸缩仪产生干扰,且密封后主要气象因素的干扰均得到改善。     

寒冷地区环境污染治理设施转型升级的思考

随着城市化、工业化的进程和环境保护的发展,污染治理设施发生了转型升级。如何结合寒冷地区城市与河流的特点,进一步加强设施的建设与管理,本文以齐齐哈尔为例进行了探讨。     

体育馆中人员安全疏散的仿真分析

针对现今公共活动中的人群踩踏事故频发问题,应用计算机仿真技术研究紧急情况下建筑物中人群逃生规律及设施优化方法。设置人员体质、移动余值、出口逃生条件等因素,扩展元胞自动机(CA)行人流模型。利用Matlab语言实现可视化模拟。对莱阳市某体育馆进行人流疏散模拟,分析得到其安全设施的最佳设定参数,实现优化目的。结果表明:该体育馆仿真疏散完成总时间为103.5 s,可引发踩踏事故的疏散危险期长达49.0 s,疏散危险期长度为判断踩踏事故发生可能性的重要指标;出口宽度、数量均与疏散时间呈负相关,且均存在疏散能力饱和点。据此提出将宽度改建为2.5 m、数量增加到6个的优化方案,此方案疏散危险期为9.0 s,疏散总时间缩短到33.5 s。     

特大城市公路交通设施噪声影响水平分析

中国特大城市的公路交通设施规模庞大而复杂,主要包括公路、城市道路、公路运输枢纽场站。本文实测了北京市有代表性公路交通设施场界噪声,分析了其不同道路等级(或不同客货公路运输枢纽)、不同车流量、不同时段情况下的噪声影响程度大小,为北京市公路交通设施的规划研究提供参考。