自然灾害保险风险分析

在考虑自然灾害的危险性、灾害的经济与社会易损性和风险区的工程防御能力的基础上，建立了自然灾害保险风险分析的数学模型。选择给人类社会造成重大损失的地震、地质灾害、洪水和台风等4种自然灾害作为灾害危险度评判的灾种，利用所建立的数学模型，对中国由然灾害保险风险进行了评判。并根据评判结果绘制了中国自然灾害保险风险区划图。     

“The Moral Difference between Intragenic and Transgenic Modification of Plants”

Public policy on the development and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has mainly been concerned with defining proper strategies of risk management. However, surveys and focus group interviews show that although lay people are concerned with risks, they also emphasize that genetic modification is ethically questionable in itself. Many people feel that this technology “tampers with nature” in an unacceptable manner. This is often identified as an objection to the crossing of species borders in producing transgenic organisms. Most scientists reject these opinions as based on insufficient knowledge about biotechnology, the concept of species, and nature in general. Some recent projects of genetic modification aim to accommodate the above mentioned concerns by altering the expression of endogenous genes rather than introducing genes from other species. There can be good scientific reasons for this approach, in addition to strategic reasons related to greater public acceptability. But are there also moral reasons for choosing intragenic rather than transgenic modification? I suggest three interrelated moral reasons for giving priority to intragenic modification. First, we should respect the opinions of lay people even when their view is contrary to scientific consensus; they express an alternative world-view, not scientific ignorance. Second, staying within species borders by strengthening endogenous traits reduces the risks and scientific uncertainty. Third, we should show respect for nature as a complex system of laws and interconnections that we cannot fully control. The main moral reason for intragenic modification, in our view, is the need to respect the “otherness” of nature.     

代际利他下资源分配的经济学分析

从分析可持续发展的内在要求与经济人假设之间的冲突出发，构建了利他状态下的资源代际分配效用函数。通过对非凸状偏好及利他的心理价格变化下消费均衡解的比较静态分析，作者指出。在后代人缺位情况下可以利用宏观和微观因素对当代人的利他度加以影响。实现利他的资源代际分配模式，从而在理论意义和实践意义上拓展了可持续发展理论。     

西部大开发中“西气东输”的储量保证与可持续发展

在西部大开发中 ,能源占有举足轻重的作用。我国西部的塔里木、准噶尔、吐 -哈、柴达木、鄂尔多斯、四川等六大含油气盆地含有丰富的天然气资源 ,储量大于 5 0 0× 10 8m3的 9个大气田中 ,西部就占 7个。中国天然气预测资源总量为 38× 10 12 m3,其中西部天然气预测资源量为 2 2 .4× 10 12 m3,占天然气预测资源总量的 5 8.9%。仅就西部的塔里木盆地而言 ,剩余可采储量为 3397× 10 8m3,按年产 12 0× 10 8m3计算 ,储采比为 2 8,塔里木盆地天然气有动态稳产 30年的储量保证 ,这对于“西气东输”工程的实施、西部经济的腾飞和可持续发展具有重要意义     

江苏省自然资源核算及对GDP的修正—以水、大气资源为例

传统国民经济核算体系对资源环境的忽视是造成当今资源环境问题的主要经济学原因,对江苏省自然资源（以水、大气资源为例）核算的结果表明,以GDP为主要衡量指标的传统国民经济核算体系过高地估计了江苏经济增长水平,江苏经济增长存在着较为严重的环境负债,以经资源环境调整的绿色GDP（或称EDP）取代传统GDP,构建可持续发展衡量指标与核算体系,应是目前可持续发展工作的关键。     

不同自然暴露方法对聚丙烯老化的影响

采用直接大气暴露、玻璃板下暴露和百页窗下暴露3种自然暴露方法,研究了聚丙烯塑料外观、力学性能和熔融指数在海南自然暴露过程中的变化,考察了光、热、氧对聚丙烯老化的影响。结果表明：自然环境下,光和热均是引起聚丙烯老化降解的主要因素．并且光的作用更强．氧对聚丙烯老化的影响很小：冲击强度对聚丙烯的老化相当敏感．海南自然暴露9个月时．直接大气暴露的聚丙烯试样冲击强度保持率下降至原始的10％左右。     

高聚物的老化试验

自然大气暴露和人工加速老化都是评价高聚物老化特性的常用方法。介绍了各种老化方法的特点、应用和相关标准。     

军用车辆自然环境区划研究

根据自然环境条件对军用车辆影响和我国自然环境特点,探讨了我国军用车辆自然环境区域的划分方法。通过对各典型严酷自然环境地区的特点、现象及对车辆性能影响研究,分析并确定了各典型严酷自然环境地区的原则和划分标准;利用“主导环境因素”、“地区特征值”和“区划指标”等新概念,将我国军用车辆使用地区划分成严寒、湿热、高原、沙漠、近海5类地区的区划方案。     

Stewardship of Natural Resources: Definition, Ethical and Practical Aspects

Stewardship is potentially a usefulconcept in modernizing management philosophies. Use ofthe term has increased markedly in recent years, yetthe term is used loosely and rarely defined in landmanagement literature. The connections between thispractical usage and the ethical basis of stewardshipare currently poorly developed. The followingdefinition is proposed: ``Stewardship is theresponsible use (including conservation) of naturalresources in a way that takes full and balancedaccount of the interests of society, futuregenerations, and other species, as well as of privateneeds, and accepts significant answerability tosociety.' A religious interpretation would require thephrase ``and ultimately to God' to be added.Stewardship has both secular and religiousinterpretations and it will be desirable to developboth of these aspects in parallel. A task forphilosophers is to establish whether the ethical basisof stewardship is sufficient to address environmentalconcerns or whether it is necessary to embrace widerethical approaches. Stewardship occupies similarground to several other concepts of use and managementof resources, particularly sustainability. It canbuild on sustainability by encouraging a broader viewof who and what should benefit from managementactivity. In particular, it focuses attention on therole of managers in providing public benefit and onenvisaging other species as a form of ``stakeholder' inmanagement decisions. Stewardship is applicable acrossthe widest range of fields of resource use and alsohas relevance to aspects of land tenure and propertyrights. Application of stewardship will require someadjustments in the roles of private managers/ownersvis-à-vis government. It might providemanagers with an expanded role and, importantly, amore positive image, both of themselves and in theeyes of the public. Stewardship could alsobe developed in a way that has relevance to citizensin general (as opposed to managers and owners ofresources), through their interactions with naturalresources as consumers.     

Cd2+、Cu2+和Zn2+对人工湿地反硝化作用的影响

实验室研究了 3种重金属离子 Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺对人工湿地反硝化作用的影响 .以 100、500、1000 mg/kg剂量的 Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺处理人工湿地土壤样品 ,检测其 N₂O的产生 .结果表明 ,3种金属离子的 500、1000mg/kg处理组土样 N₂O的产生均显著降低 ,各金属离子抑制 N₂O产生的程度顺序为 Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cu²⁺,这与 3种金属离子在土样中的有效态浓度顺序是一致的 ,反硝化微生物在处理过程中逐步产生了对重金属离子的耐受性 ,500、1000mg/kg处理组样品的 NH⁺₄- N浓度较对照组显著升高提示部分 NO^-₃- N由于反硝化过程的抑制而异化性还原为 NH⁺₄-N.