分置式膜-生物反应器凝胶层膜污染模型研究

通过紊流条件下阻力模型和凝胶极化模型对膜生物反应器的阻力进行分析,结果表明,膜面流速在3～10 m/s,运行时间在5h之内时,阻力模型可以很好地符合凝胶模型.通过分置式膜-生物反应器对染料废水超滤膜阻力进行了分析,膜的总阻力随着运行时间增加而增加,在所有阻力中,凝胶阻力占比重最大.     

Tracing the impact of stack configuration on interface resistances in reverse electrodialysis by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• RED performance and stack resistance were studied by EIS and LSV. • Interface resistance were discriminated from Ohmic resistance by EIS. • Impacts of spacer shadow effect and concentration polarization were analyzed. • Ionic short current reduced the power density for more cell pairs. • The results enabled to predict RED performance with different configurations. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities. Herein, the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three different parameters (membrane type, number of cell pairs and spacer design) were controlled. The Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes (Type I and Type II) supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V: Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes, which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge density. The output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut currents. With the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200 µm, the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efficiency losses increased from 31% to 49%. Overall, the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.     

煤巷高冒区遗煤自燃数值模拟分析

煤巷高冒区因遗煤易自燃而成为煤矿内因火灾的重要危险源之一。本文在分析高冒区遗煤赋存状态的基础上,结合平煤十三矿11111巷道高冒区实际情况,应用FLUENT软件,对高冒区漏风风速、温度、氧气浓度以及CO浓度的分布进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:高冒区中部漏风在自燃风速范围内;在高冒区内,高温点出现在中部;高冒区中部氧气消耗量最大,煤氧反应产物CO浓度在高冒区中部最高。根据高冒区温度、氧气浓度、CO浓度、漏风风速的分布规律,可将高冒区划分为"易自燃带"和"不易自燃带"。