Sources,distribution, and decomposition stages of sedimentary organic matter in estuaries and its adjacent areas

Lignin-derived phenols, C/N ratios and ratios of refractory to total organic matter were used to study the sources, distribution, and diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter along estuary, river bank, and salt marsh systems. The Changjiang Estuary showed a higher signal of terrestrial organic matter at the river mouth which decreased farther offshore. The locations along the Qiantang River were affected by their adjacent surroundings, and the Andong salt marsh showed higher terrestrial organic matter signal at the upper marsh compared to the lower marsh. All studied areas showed slight increases in organic matter decomposition farther downstream and towards the sea. Study of these three different systems will improve our understanding on their ecotoxicological impact. The Changjiang Estuary had higher pollutant levels near the river mouth, which decreased farther offshore due to dilution. The midstream Qiantang River was most likely affected by pollution from their adjacent surroundings. Pollutants were likely to be accumulated in the Andong salt marsh due to the presence of marsh plants and small-sized particles. Organic pollutants were likely to be decomposed during transport along the systems. The ability of the sediments to release inorganic pollutants was determined by whether these systems were oxic or anoxic.     

新型潮汐流人工湿地在分散型生活污水处理中的应用研究

为了克服人工湿地存在的供氧能力不足、总化学需氧量(TCOD)去除率不高及生物硝化不完全等问题,采用新型的潮汐流人工湿地(TF-CWs)处理分散型生活污水。TF-CWs由四级人工湿地构成,以潮汐流方式运行(运行周期为8h),以提高DO供给量;并以从建筑固体废弃物中回收的砾石和粉煤灰为填料,以强化除磷效果。结果表明,出水水质基本满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准,其中NH+4-N、TP的达标率均为100%,TCOD的达标率为98.31%;TF-CWs采用潮汐流方式运行,提高了DO供给能力,强化了对NH+4-N和TCOD的去除效果,其平均去除率分别达到96.78%、86.98%;以建筑固体废弃物粉煤灰砖制成的粉煤灰颗粒为填料的人工湿地对磷的吸附性能良好。TF-CWs可作为分散型生活污水的有效处理工艺之一,而且为建筑固体废弃物的资源化利用提供了新途径。     

潮汐河口水库型饮用水水源地保护区划分技术方法

长江口作为上海重要水源地,至今还没有依法划定水源保护区。目前国内的饮用水水源地保护区划分技术方法在潮汐河口水域应用时存在科学性差、适用性不强等问题。对国内外饮用水水源地保护区的划分方法进行了调研;研究了河口潮汐往复流特征、水污染排放、水环境特点,明确了河口水源库水质净化和防范突发污染事故风险的要求,提出了充分利用水库库区自净能力的划分原则和应用污染物最大流动距离法划分潮汐河口水库型水源地二级水源保护范围的技术方法。以氨氮作为特征因子分析水库的自净能力,认为库区作为一级保护区可以承担二级保护区的水质净化功能。以99%保证率的涨落潮流速并考虑季风的影响计算得到最大流动距离,并以此确定了青草沙水库的二级保护区范围上下游和横向边界范围。研究表明该方法概念清晰,简单实用,可靠性强。     

纤维素类产清洁能源的影响因素及研究进展

综述了国内外纤维素类物质厌氧发酵产清洁能源的研究现状,包括不同纤维素类物质的产气率,以及预处理方法、酶解、接种率、温度、pH值、粒径大小等对产气率的影响,并对其研究方向进行了展望。     

废水厌氧处理过程中的安全问题探讨

介绍了废水厌氧处理过程中H2S中毒和CO2窒息、沼气（甲烷）爆炸、腐蚀、结垢、气柜置换以及检修中需采取的安全措施。     

养殖场沼气工程应用模式

介绍了厌氧发酵制沼气的技术、沼气的应用,及我国农村沼气发展模式,分析了养殖场沼气工程的应用模式以及沼气利用的市场前景。     

平原感潮河网地区农业非点源污染产污规律

平原感潮河网地区非点源污染严重,同时由于本身具有的交叉污染等特性,造成了整个平原河网存在严重的环境污染和环境安全问题。文章在南通平原河网地区选择圩区作为典型区,以野外观测和室内分析相结合的方法开展野外原位试验,研究平原河网典型圩区各形态污染物随降雨径流的迁移特征,建立了稻季农田营养盐的迁移通量与径流通量、施肥量及降雨距施肥时间间隔三者之间的定量化关系。     

闽江福州段湿地沉积物重金属吸附-解吸特征及其对酸沉降变化的响应

选择闽江福州段为研究对象,通过采集淡水河段(A、B)、城市河段(C、D)和河口区(E、F)6个样点的沉积物柱样,探讨了湿地沉积物重金属的吸附-解吸特征及其对酸沉降变化的响应.结果表明,Langmuir吸附等温方程可较好地拟合不同河段湿地沉积物吸附4种重金属(Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺)的热力学过程(R²≥0.71).不同样点对Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附能力整体以河口区最高,城市河段次之,淡水河段最低,解吸能力则与之相反,这主要与沉积物颗粒组成(黏粒)及pH值的差异有关.从淡水河段至河口区(A～F),不同样点0～40 cm土层对Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的解吸量均随吸附量的增加而升高.随着pH值的增加,Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、...