太湖水质氮素质量浓度时空差异特征及影响因素分析

通过对2014—2016年湖体水质中氮素质量浓度分析,结合出入湖总氮浓度、水量、湖体水生生态等影响因素,发现太湖水体中总氮浓度呈现逐年下降的趋势,各监测点位总氮为0.530 mg/L～5.51 mg/L,时空分布不均,差异明显。时间上,总氮浓度表现为春季最高,夏季和秋季最低,且月均值变化曲线呈现出规律的正弦函数波形。空间上,总氮浓度大致表现出由西部湖区向东部湖区递减的趋势,呈现西部湖区﹥北部湖区﹥南部湖区﹥湖心区﹥东部湖区。要改善湖体水质,不仅要切断污染源,而且要加强水生生态功能修复。     

潮滩生态特征及开发利用模式——以江苏大丰潮滩研究为例

根据自然地理、海洋动力、生物等特征!本文研究受大河作用的大丰潮滩地貌、沉积过程,讨论老黄河和长江对该潮滩发育的影响和潮滩生物群落空间分布及演变规律。本文评价了大丰潮滩开发利用现状,分析了它们的经济效益和环境效益,提出把目前受到强烈改造、过度利用的模式改变为顺应潮滩自然演变、有步骤合理开发利用潮滩的模式。     

腾冲县北海湿地自然保护区生态旅游开发初探

充分利用自然保护区的旅游资源优势发展旅游业，但不合理的开发会使生态环境遭到破坏、生物多样性逐渐丧失、湿地水质面临污染等等。在分析腾冲北海湿地自然保护区发展生态旅游的基础上对旅游开发中存在的问题提出对策和建议。     

人工湿地污水处理系统的蛭石缓冲单元及缓冲能力生物再生研究

针对当前人工湿地污水处理中普遍存在的冬季处理效果差等问题,研究了在处理系统中构建天然蛭石缓冲单元及其吸附饱和后进行生物再生的可行性.结果表明,在水力负荷为1.4 m3·m-2·d-1(COD:150～350mg·L-1、NH 4-N:10～30 mg·L-1、TP:1.0～4.5 mg·L-1)和蛭石层填充高度≥60cm的条件下,无植物天然蛭石缓冲单元可至少在45d内保持出水各项水质指标达到一级排放标准(GB 18918-2002),从而可基本满足人工湿地在植物换季时期的处理需要,而且,增加系统含氧量和蛭石用量可提高体系缓冲性能.在夏秋季温度较高的条件下(25～30℃),利用微生物的硝化与反硝化作用和植物根系的吸收与复氧功能,可有效提高蛭石再吸附的能力,其中有植物的湿地单元90d后蛭石吸附容量的再生率可达88.2%～91.3%,生物再生过程的动力学方程符合指数关系,植物种类、干湿交替时间和碳源对蛭石生物再生过程有较为显著的影响.     

A Simulation of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbon at Landscape Level: A Case Study for Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Ontario,Canada

Using a case study of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF), this study aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability in carbon storage during 1990–2000, and to present a comprehensive estimation of the carbon budget for LAMF's ecosystems. As well, it provided the information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological and carbon-based indicators and monitor the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Temporal and spatial carbon dynamics were simulated at the landscape level using ecosystem model TRIPLEX1.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS). The simulated net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon storage in forest biomass and soil were compared with field data and results from other studies for Canada's boreal forests. The results show that simulated NPP ranged from 3.26 to 3.34 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the 1990s and was consistent with the range measured during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Studies (BOREAS) in central Canada. Modeled NPP was also compared with the estimation from remote sensing data. The density of total above-and belowground biomass was 125.3, 111.8, and 106.5 tC ha⁻¹ for black spruce, trembling aspen, and jack pine in the LAMF ecosystem, respectively. The total carbon density of forested land was estimated at 154.4 tC ha⁻¹ with the proportion of 4:6 for total biomass and soil. The analysis of net carbon balance of ecosystem suggested that the LAMF forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink with an allowable harvest in the 1990s.     

Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment on nematode communities in a Chinese farmland ecosystem

At a rice-wheat rotational free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE) platform, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematode communities in a farmland ecosystem was studied. Wheat plots were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient 370 μl/L 200 μl/L).32 families and 40 genera of nematode were observed in soil suspensions during the study period. Under FACE treatment, the numbers of total nematodes, bacterivores and fungivores exhibited an increasing trend. Because of the seasonal variation of soil temperature and moisture, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematodes was only observed under favorable conditions. The response of nematode communities to elevated atmospheric CO2 may indicate the change of soil food web.     

生态系统服务的核算方法

生态系统服务是指对人类生存及生活质量有贡献的生态系统产品和生态系统功能 ,包括由自然生态过程产生并维持的环境和资源条件。目前已有的生态系统服务核算方法可以分为市场价值法、替代市场法和假想市场法。     

Effects of atmospheric mercury pollution on terrestrial ecosystem in Chongqing, China

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我国水产养殖业对环境的影响及对策

综述了我国水产养殖业的自身污染、对水环境和生态系统的影响及其对景观环境质量的影响等，提出应在健全的法律法规指导下，建立完善的水产养殖环境管理系统，加强营养与饲料学研究，提高水产养殖饲料质量和投饵水平，同时强化环境工程技术在集约化水产养殖中的应用，以减少污染排放，使水产养殖走可持续发展的道路。     

长江口崇明东滩潮间带温室气体排放初步研究

采用原位静态箱法对长江口崇明东滩(CM)湿地3种主要温室气体CO2,CH4和N2O的排放、吸收通量进行现场测定。结果表明,春季(5月)崇明东滩湿地是大气CH4的排放源。中潮滩暗箱(CM-2b)CH4的排放通量为394.22μg/m2.h,明箱(CM-2w)为492.58μg/m2.h;低潮滩暗箱(CM-3b)CH4的排放通量为84.89μg/m2.h,明箱(CM-3w)为76.16μg/m2.h,植被和有机质含量的不同是造成中、低潮滩CH4通量差异的主要因素。中潮滩春季草的光和作用可以降低CO2和N2O的排放,明箱内表现为对CO2(-67.45 mg/m2.h)和N2O(-21.79μg/m2.h)的吸收,同时呼吸作用增加了潮滩-大气界面CO2和N2O的排放(CO2,730.27 mg/m2.h;N2O,109.72μg/m2.h)。而低潮滩(CM-3)表现为CO2和N2O的汇,但吸收的通量值较小。