基于综采面产尘分布与扩散分析的粉尘防治研究

在对W3709综采工作面产尘特点分析的基础上,将工作面产尘源分为落煤扬尘、落煤冲击产尘及割煤产尘3类。对采煤机顺风割煤与逆风割煤时粉尘运动规律进行了详细的分析,根据工作面产尘特点与粉尘运动规律,提出了包括煤层注水、采煤机割煤产尘治理与控制以及支架处粉尘治理一套完整的综合防尘系统。通过现场应用,工作面粉尘在原有设施降尘基础上降低86%以上,降尘效果良好,有效地解决了该工作面粉尘污染严重的难题。     

Method to analyze the regional life loss risk by airborne chemicals released after devastating earthquakes: A simulation approach

Widespread chemical plants render human life more vulnerable to major natural disasters such as earthquakes. Recognizing the potential cascading threats initiated by a devastating earthquake, a general methodology for assessing the life loss risks introduced by airborne hazardous chemical dispersion following seismically induced chemical release (SICR) was proposed. With a 600 km × 600 km region in North China as a demonstrative study area, the dispersion of ammonia released from multiple relevant chemical plants that were supposed to be damaged by a devastating earthquake was simulated in a probabilistic manner. Using an ammonia toxicity-fatality relationship and its toxicity concentration threshold, regional life loss and spatial spread were evaluated. The life loss risk was found to be non-prominent but would be very contingent on unfavorable meteorological conditions. Non-parametric correlation analysis revealed that the respective effects of meteorological mixing parameters on the risk exhibit new features in a disaster context, that is, stronger mixing would cause elevation of risk in a region. This preliminary research implied that the risk of chemical-induced life loss after a devastating earthquake deserves attention and a thorough uncertainty evaluation in the future.     

餐饮业含油废水污染现状及防治对策

随着人民生活水平的提高、现代生活节奏的加快,餐饮业在大中城市不断发展壮大,由此带来的环境污染问题也日益突出。文章分析了我国餐饮业含油废水的污染现状及其成因,提出了相应的污染防治对策。     

电子垃圾重金属污染及防治对策研究

随着信息产业的飞速发展,电子产品更新换代加速,电子垃圾飞速增长,电子垃圾中的重金属对环境造成了越来越严重的污染.本文回顾了广东贵屿与浙江台州两大电子垃圾回收拆解区重金属污染的现状,分析了电子产品原材料、加工工艺和电子垃圾不当回收导致重金属污染的原因,提出了依靠政策法规引导、借鉴国外先进经验、进行电子垃圾回收处理产业化发展的相应防治对策,以期能改善电子垃圾导致的重金属污染.     

A disaster scene simulation system in 3D for oil transmission stations: Design and implementation

The disaster scene in three-dimensional (3D) plays a crucial role in disaster emergency management and risk communication of oil transmission stations. However, existing research for the disaster scene mainly focuses on reproducing the disaster environment and rarely predicts the damage state of the disaster-affected object. This paper proposes an object-oriented modeling method that utilizes a multilevel decomposition pattern for disaster scenes. This method combines earthquake vulnerability assessment with 3D visualization technology to predict and characterize the damage state of critical infrastructure in oil transmission stations. To enhance earthquake risk perception, a simulation system is designed and developed, which allows for the construction of virtual scenes and quick simulation of disaster scenes in 3D. The case application shows that the system improves the 3D modeling efficiency of disaster scenes and enhances public awareness of earthquake risks. The simulation system can provide technical support for seismic mitigation planning and emergency management decision-making at oil transmission stations and has good application prospects.     

水污染防治生物处理技术验证评估方法研究

随着我国环境污染问题的日益突出,急需大量的高效创新技术以提高对环境污染的治理效果。然而,现有的专家评估体系难以科学、客观地反映技术真实性能,也很难促进新技术的推广应用。为建立科学的环境技术评估(ETV)体系,需要开展水污染防治处理技术验证评估试点工作。制订了水污染防治生物处理技术验证评估指标体系及验证测试方法,并利用该方法对某采用生物技术处理尼龙生产废水的工程实例进行了实证。结果表明：为全面反映该生物处理技术在各种工况条件下的技术效能,设置3个月的验证测试周期是合理的。通过对处理工艺流程中的水质、二次污染、工艺运行及经济技术等指标的测试分析,发现测试过程中得到的统计数据可客观有效地反映污染防治技术的真实性能。根据实证案例结果,对水污染防治生物处理技术验证评估指标体系和验证评估测试方法的进一步完善提出了建议。     

区域性“减灾十年初步规划”的编制原则

本文简要介绍区域性“减灾十年初步规划”编制的一般原则，包括规划编制的意义、目的、编制顺序和规划应注意的几个方面，并提出规划成果的实施意见。可供各地编制规划时参考。     

黑龙江省地质灾害防治与环境保护策略分析

地质灾害与地质环境是一对互为影响、互为关联的矛盾统一体。地质灾害是在特定的地质环境条件下孕育发展的，它的发生受到其所处地质环境的制约。反过来，地质灾害对地质环境又具有改造作用，经常会导致产生新的、更大的地质灾害，形成恶性循环，制约经济、社会的可持续发展。因此，防治地质灾害和保护好地质环境是人类在经济、社会发展中面临的重要任务。地质灾害防治与地质环境保护是互利的，灾害的防治是环境质量的保证，环境条件的改善则可在一定程度上制约灾害的发生或降低灾害的程度和频度。如此同步进行可有效防灾，有效保护环境。分析了黑龙江省地质灾害概况和主要地质环境问题；探讨了地质灾害防治和地质环境保护两者之间的关系；并根据该省地质灾害频繁发生和地质环境日益恶化的现实及减灾工作现状，提出了今后加强地质灾害防治和地质环境保护工作的若干建议。     

A measurement of community disaster resilience in Korea

Building a community that is resilient to disasters has become one of the main goals of disaster management. Communities that are more disaster resilient often experience less impact from the disaster and reduced recovery periods afterwards. This study develops a methodology for constructing a set of indicators measuring Community Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) in terms of human, social, economic, environmental, and institutional factors. In this study, the degree of community resilience to natural disasters was measured for 229 local municipalities in Korea, followed by an examination of the relationship between the aggregated CDRI and disaster losses, using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) method. Identifying the extent of community resilience to natural disasters would provide emergency managers and decision-makers with strategic directions for improving local communities' resilience to natural disasters while reducing the negative impacts of disasters.     

中国农业污染防控的制度约束研究

中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,正经历着越发严重的农业污染问题;对农业污染防控的制度性约束因素进行深入分析,是实现有效污染防控的前提,具有积极的理论和现实意义。对中国农业污染防控的制度约束分析研究表明：农业污染及其防控涉及的利益主体关系及相关制度设计,对各利益主体形成了污染防控负激励,加重了农业污染;城乡＂二元＂结构及其衍生的一系列体制问题,导致＂三农＂在农业环境治理、农村公共物品提供等方面被严重边缘化,进而直接制约了农业污染防控;此外,高度分散的小规模农户经营模式也不利于农业污染防控。最后,针对中国农业污染防控的制度性约束因素,提出了有针对性的农业污染防控政策建议。