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71.
Melissa Jacobs Jacobus Pienaar 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):152-161
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of work stress, consisting of role stressors and job insecurity, with safety compliance at work. A secondary objective was to test for the possible moderating effect of individual employees’ coping behaviour between experienced work stress and job insecurity, and their safety compliance. A cross-sectional survey design was used (n?=?771). An electronic survey, with a biographical questionnaire and scales on role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, job insecurity, coping and safety compliance at work, was administered. The results indicated that specific aspects of work stress, notably role conflict, role ambiguity and quantitative job insecurity, and of coping, namely an avoidance style and changing the situation, were important in understanding safety compliance. A moderating effect of avoidance coping was also found. 相似文献
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73.
This study aims to implement the empirical analysis of the effects of the adaptive measures on the income of herdsmen in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming(PMP)model.The survey was first implemented in three counties in the Three Headwaters Region.Finally the measures and recommendations suitable for the economic development in the ecologically fragile areas were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:priority can be given to the measures to prevent the damage from rats and the engineering measures for pasture maintenance in Zeku County,where the geological conditions and grass quality are inferior,while the fiscal subsidy can be prioritized in Tongde County where the grassland area is relatively less.These recommendations can not only provide good reference for the protection of grassland resources,but they also lay a foundation for the implementation of more suitable measures to help the herdsmen in the ecologically fragile areas to adapt to the climate change. 相似文献
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75.
Abstract To determine the climate changes that are due to natural variability and those due to human activities is quite challenging, just like delineating the impacts. Moreover, it is equally difficult to ascertain the adaptive strategies for coping with the climate changes and in particular for developing countries like Kenya. While climate change is a global phenomenon, the impacts are more or less specific to local areas such as observed in Kenyan case. Therefore climate change impacts adaptation strategies are appropriately applicable to a given local perspective. The study investigated the main indicators of climate change and effective adaptive strategies that can be employed in Kenya. Based on online questionnaire survey, the study established unpredictable rainfall patterns as the major indicator of climate change in the country, while water harvesting and change of cropping methods are the best adaptive strategies. 相似文献
76.
Rudd MA 《Conservation biology》2011,25(6):1165-1175
The large investments needed if loss of biological diversity is to be stemmed will likely lead to increased public and political scrutiny of conservation strategies and the science underlying them. It is therefore crucial to understand the degree of consensus or divergence among scientists on core scientific perceptions and strategies most likely to achieve given objectives. I developed an internet survey designed to elucidate the opinions of conservation scientists. Conservation scientists (n =583) were unanimous (99.5%) in their view that a serious loss of biological diversity is likely, very likely, or virtually certain. Scientists' agreement that serious loss is very likely or virtually certain ranged from 72.8% for Western Europe to 90.9% for Southeast Asia. Tropical coral ecosystems were perceived as the most seriously affected by loss of biological diversity; 88.0% of respondents familiar with that ecosystem type agreed that a serious loss is very likely or virtually certain. With regard to conservation strategies, scientists most often viewed understanding how people and nature interact in certain contexts and the role of biological diversity in maintaining ecosystem function as their priorities. Protection of biological diversity for its cultural and spiritual values and because of its usefulness to humans were low priorities, which suggests that many scientists do not fully support the utilitarian concept of ecosystem services. Many scientists expressed a willingness to consider conservation triage, engage in active conservation interventions, and consider reframing conservation goals and measures of success for conservation of biological diversity in an era of climate change. Although some heterogeneity of opinion is evident, results of the survey show a clear consensus within the scientific community on core issues of the extent and geographic scope of loss of biological diversity and on elements that may contribute to successful conservation strategies in the future. 相似文献
77.
分析了路段与景观两个尺度上的道路生态环境影响,结合当今景观生态学、道路生态学的研究成果,系统论述了与道路交通规划建设相关的生态策略:(1)在区域尺度上,依据生态敏感度规划路网密度、保持大型自然空间的生态完整性、提倡非生态敏感地段的交通集中、增加路网的区域水平渗透性;(2)在路段规模上,自然空间的生境避让、保持重要地段的自然连续性、打破交通生态瓶颈、减少道路交通的环境影响、补偿道路建设的生态影响等。这些策略旨在为可持续道路交通提供基于生态合理性的规划原则与方法。 相似文献
78.
Geir Rudolfsen Rudolf Müller Davnah Urbach Claus Wedekind 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(4):561-567
The mating behavior and reproductive strategies of Alpine whitefish like Coregonus zugensis (Nüsslin) are poorly understood, probably because they spawn in deep water where direct observations are difficult. In this
study, we interpret life-history and sperm quality traits of fish that we caught from their spawning place. We found that
males invest heavily into gonadal tissue (up to 5.6% of their body weight), which is, in comparison to other fish, consistent
with external fertilization, distinct pairing and moderate to high communal spawning, or no pairing and low to moderate communal
spawning. Sperm competition theory and recent experimental studies on other salmonids predict that males optimize ejaculate
characteristics in relation to the costs of sperm and the level of competition they have to expect: dominant males are predicted
to invest less into ejaculate quality and to have slower spermatozoa than subdominant males. We found that spermatozoa of
older males are slower than those of younger males. Moreover, older males have larger breeding tubercles, a secondary sexual
trait that has, in some previous studies, been found to be linked to good condition and to good genetic quality. Our results
suggest that C. zugensis has age-linked reproductive strategies, that multimale spawning is common, i.e., that sperm competition plays a significant
role, and that older males are on average dominant over younger males at the spawning place. 相似文献
79.
中国内河船舶大气防污染对策及运力结构改善对沿岸港口大气环境质量的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
针对IMO防止船舶大气污染的国际公约及中国内河船舶大气污染防治历史与现状,结合西部大开发及中国内河航运的发展规划,对内河船舶大气污染的防治对策、主任任务及措施实施后对沿线主要港口城市大气环境质量的影响进行了研究和探讨,在此基础上提出了中国内河船舶未来一段时期大气污染防治的根本思路与战略。 相似文献
80.
中国南方喀斯特地区面积大,自然资源丰富,生态环境脆弱,在世界喀斯特地区中极具代表性。文章依据中国南方喀斯特地区独特的自然特征和社会、经济功能,借助申报自然遗产机遇,为实现该区人口、资源、环境与社会的可持续发展,提出了一系列针对中国南方喀斯特地区的保护策略及措施。 相似文献