应用极值理论研究台湾和华东地区中强地震活动的相关性

运用极值分布理论对1970～1999年间台湾和华东地区的地震资料进行统计性研究,得出其地震相应震级的复发周期[T(M)]、理论发震次数(η)和华东地区中强地震的发震概率阈值(PO)。通过对T(M)的同比分析,发现两地中强地震存在着较好的相关性。用以上研究的结果对华东地区5级以上地震的发震概率、发震时间和地震强度进行综合判定,效果较好。     

Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes: the 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan

The idea of pre-impact recovery planning has recently been promoted by researchers and practitioners, but very little research has been done to evaluate its effects on disaster recovery. This study compared two jurisdictions — the city of Los Angeles, California and Taichung county in Taiwan — in their recovery from earthquakes. Although the two cases also differ with respect to variables other than the presence of pre-impact recovery plans, the available data suggest that having a pre-impact recovery plan facilitates housing reconstruction and allows local officials to make more effective use of the window of opportunity after disaster to integrate hazard mitigation into the recovery process.     

Operationalizing risk perception and preparedness behavior research for a multi-hazard context

Increasingly, citizens are being asked to take a more active role in disaster risk reduction (DRR), as decentralization of hazard governance has shifted greater responsibility for hazard preparedness actions onto individuals. Simultaneously, the taxonomy of hazards considered for DRR has expanded to include medical and social crises alongside natural hazards. Risk perception research emerged to support decision-makers with understanding how people characterize and evaluate different hazards to anticipate behavioral response and guide risk communication. Since its inception, the risk perception concept has been incorporated into many behavioral theories, which have been applied to examine preparedness for numerous hazard types. Behavioral theories have had moderate success in predicting or explaining preparedness behaviors; however, they are typically applied to a single hazard type and there is a gap in understanding which theories (if any) are suited for examining multiple hazard types simultaneously. This paper first reviews meta-analyses of behavioral theories to better understand performance. Universal lessons learnt are summarized for survey design. Second, theoretically based preparedness studies for floods, earthquakes, epidemics, and terrorism are reviewed to assess the conceptual requirements for a ‘multi-hazard’ preparedness approach. The development of an online preparedness self-assessment and learning platform is discussed.     

粤闽交界中强地震前水化学异常特征分析

研究了粤闽交界90年以来ML≥4.5地震前水化学前兆资料,结果表明:(1)水化学前兆异常形态复杂多样,以短期和短临变化为主;(2)同一台站震前所观测的异常变化具有多测项同步异常的特征;(3)震前异常持续时间、异常形态与震中距有关。同时研究表明,统计水化学异常出现的集中程度无法判定未来震中位置。     

南黄海北部坳陷丛集地震的环境应力特征

对2001~2002年发生在南黄海北部坳陷的丛集地震的构造背景进行了分析,计算和研究了地震丛集过程中环境应力值的演化,讨论了2002-07-23 ML5.1地震发生的背景及其力学机制。研究结果表明,地震丛集过程的中止与中强地震的发生有关;丛集地震形成的初期和中期的平均环境应力值要高于丛集形成之前但低于ML5.1地震发生前夕,丛集后期的平均环境应力值则因ML5.1地震的发生而有所下降。该研究对于今后利用丛集地震及其环境应力值的变化分析和预测中强地震的发生有重要参考意义。     

河淮地震带地震活动特征

通过对河淮地震带历史地震和现今地震活动特征的研究 ,初步认为研究区地震活动存在准周期性变化。研究还发现 ,该区地震活动与中国大陆地震活动存在一定的相关性。     

An analysis of seismic risk from a tourism point of view

Global awareness of natural calamities increased after the destructive Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004, largely because many foreigners lost their lives, especially in Thailand. This paper explores how best to communicate the seismic risk posed by different travel destinations to crisis management personnel in tourists' home countries. The analysis of seismic risk should be straightforward enough for non-specialists, yet powerful enough to identify the travel destinations that are most at risk. The output for each location is a point in 3D space composed of the natural and built-up environment and local tourism. The tourism-specific factors can be tailored according to the tourists' nationality. The necessary information can be collected from various directories and statistics, much of it available over the Internet. The output helps to illustrate the overall seismic risk conditions of different travel destinations, allows for comparison across destinations, and identifies the places that are most at risk.     

福建地磁总强观测资料综合处理与讨论

运用AUTOCAD软件对福建省龙岩、永安、邵武、漳州、同安、泉州六个台站的1982年1月1日至2002年12月31日总强观测资料,进行处理分析.所得结果不仅表明六个台站的磁场变化特征较为明显,同步变化具有很强的吻合性,而且客观地反映了各台站小范围背景场磁场干扰、仪器工作状态不佳、少量数据质量差、数据连续性差等问题.本文还对数据的使用、台湾强震群与福建磁场变化特征提出了分析意见.这些在很大程度上可以为数字化观测数据的分析使用提供借鉴,为进一步提高和完善观测质量提供参考依据.     

中国近代大震系列与预测

本文研究了中国近代的三列大震系列.在它们发生之前都出现过强震系列.在地震预报中,使用强震系列与大震系列及其公式:Ni'=Ni-k'/(1-b)k可以预报强震与大震.利用强震系列的相关性,预测大震系列也是有益的.     

"How near were we to Ruine": the effects in England of the earthquake of 8th September 1692

This paper attempts to Illustrate some of the advantages and disadvantages of using contemporary evidence in the study of historical seismicity. The event considered here is doubly significant—it was a large event by British standards, as well as arguably the best documented earthquake to have occurred before the mid-eighteenth century. At a time when an interdisciplinary approach to historical seismicity is still in its infancy this paper identifies those areas where the available sources can assist in the evaluation of early macroseismic data.