军工材料环境适应性工程化验证和研究发展战略探讨

通过对国内外发展现状分析,讨论了环境适应性工程化验证和研究在军工材料开发、应用及其在武器装备发展中的地位和作用。提出了军工材料环境适应性工程化验证的技术内涵、试验与研究的模式和军工材料开发到武器装备应用各个阶段的任务和目标。在此基础上。探讨了发展军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证试验与研究的总体战略和目标。结合国情。提出了军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证与研究和关键材料体系环境适应性数据完善．军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证自主保障能力建设．军工关键材料环境适应性工程化验证技术的提升等3方面重点发展和研究内容的构想与建议。     

高原环境对军用越野汽车的影响及对策研究

目的研究高原环境对军用越野汽车性能的影响,提出提高军用越野汽车高原环境适应性的技术措施。方法简要介绍高原地区的气候和地理环境条件特点,通过高原实地试验分析高原环境条件对军用越野汽车动力性能、经济性能、起动性能、热平衡和制动等性能的影响规律和影响机理。结果针对军用越野汽车的动力系统、底盘系统和驾驶室人-机环境等,提出了采用高压共轨燃油喷射、可调高增压、低气压低温起动、热平衡控制、四轮转向、悬架增强、辅助制动、轮胎中央充放气以及驾驶室高原人-机工程等提高军用越野汽车高原环境适应性的技术对策和建议。结论为提高军用越野汽车高原环境适应性提供了指导。     

军品用电动振动试验台测量结果不确定度评定

振动试验台测量结果是否准确可靠,直接关系到对军工产品的评价.结合军工产品环境振动试验工作实际,根据检定规程JJG190-1997《电动振动试验台》检定规程的要求,对使用中电动振动试验台测量结果不确定度进行评定,使电动振动试验台测量结果更加科学合理可靠.     

浅析美国的军事与环境

近年来,人们逐渐认识到军事活动引起的环境污染和生态破坏不仅危及当代人也危及子孙后代的健康成长,并关系到政治、社会的稳定及经济的健康发展.总结了美国的主要军事污染源,浅析了美国军方有关环境保护方面的政策和措施,并对美军在环境政策上的两面性进行了探讨.     

不同破损程度下军用车辆镀锌钢板腐蚀行为研究

目的研究军用车辆不同破损程度下的镀锌板腐蚀行为。方法以3.5%Na Cl溶液为实验介质,利用开路电位、电化学阻抗谱及动电位极化曲线技术进行研究。结果镀锌钢板的开路电位比基板低约0.3 V,镀层腐蚀速度随着破损率的增加逐渐增大,基板的腐蚀速度最低。结论镀锌层的腐蚀对破损试样基体起重要的保护作用。     

An Ombudsman for Humanitarian Assistance?

The early phases of a project to design and make operational an ombudsman for humanitarian assistance (HAO) are described in this paper. Beginning with a brief historical overview of the ombudsman concept, it then outlines seven key features of a potential HAO that were identified in the initial feasibility study. The main conclusion from the feasibility study was that, in principle, it is possible to design an HAO by adapting the operational frameworks of existing ombudsman schemes so as to match the needs of the humanitarian sector. Although this seems possible in theory, there still remain some major challenges requiring practical testing in a pilot phase. The most fundamental of these is how to enable the beneficiaries of aid to make their voices heard and register their views on the management of the emergency that is affecting them. Important also, are the issues of ensuring an international jurisdiction and finding sustainable ways of financing the scheme. Finally, the paper alludes to the framework of the pilot itself and how to address the main challenges ahead.     

军用飞机实验室气候试验管理

目的更好地对即将到来的军用飞机气候试验进行管理,为试验管理提供思路和依据,方法分析美国军用飞机试验与评估体系,以及美军飞机实验室气候试验的计划过程,并与国内现状进行对比。结果得到美军飞机实验室气候试验在装备试验与评估体系中的定位及试验时机,总结出美国装备环境试验管理过程的特点以及国内装备环境试验管理的特点。结论得到国内气候试验管理的不足以及需要研究的方向,为国内气候试验管理研究提供参考。     

WATER QUALITY IMPACTS FROM LOW WATER FORDS ON MILITARY TRAINING LANDS1

ABSTRACT: Water quality impacts from two types of low water stream crossings (LWSC) were examined on the military training lands at Fort Riley, Kansas. The LWSC project was developed to enhance military training as well as improve the water quality of the streams. Water quality impacts of low water fords were quantified and compared to determine the effects of using rock to harden earthen fords. Both earthen and rock hardened low water fords were tested for the impact on stream turbidity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and settleable solids. Results indicate hardening earthen fords with rock can significantly reduce water quality degradation caused by vehicle movement over the ford. Turbidity caused by vehicles crossing earthen and hardened fords was nearly sixteen times higher for earthen fords. Likewise, total solids, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids concentrations were lower for hardened crossings. Total solids concentrations from earthen fords were nearly twelve times higher than concentrations from hardened fords. Hardening earthen fords not only provides the military with a more stable stream crossing for its soldiers to use, it decreases water quality degradation and improves local stream ecology. Recommendations for constructing rock hardened LWSC are given.     

空间军事系统研讨厅中德尔菲法与集成模型

对空间军事系统综合集成研讨厅体系中专家意见集成的方法进行研究.在德尔菲法基础上,建立了一种优化搜索机制.以专家一次性给出的原始意见为基础,构建专家意见集成的优化搜索模型,利用计算机的信息处理能力求解,获得既满足一致性要求,又具有一定可信度指标的结论.     

Mandated to fail? Humanitarian agencies and the protection of Palestinian children

This paper considers the efforts of United Nations and international agencies to address the threats to Palestinian children arising from Israeli occupation. It contains an account of the reasons why agencies have failed, over many years, to prevent systematic violations by the Israeli authorities and settlers. The discussion is organised around two inter‐related domains: institutional and political. The paper argues that, in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), limitations to the ways in which child protection has been conceptualised and pursued in practice are abundantly evident. Nevertheless, political pressure by Western donor governments serves to constrain an approach to child protection that is more preventative in nature, that addresses more explicitly Israeli violations of international law, and that reflects the experience and aspirations of Palestinian children themselves. Ultimately, therefore, the failure to protect Palestinian children must be seen not only as a result of humanitarian miscalculation but also as a consequence of political strategy.