The impacts of climate change on the risk of natural disasters

Human emissions of greenhouse gases are already changing our climate. This paper provides an overview of the relation between climate change and weather extremes, and examines three specific cases where recent acute events have stimulated debate on the potential role of climate change: the European heatwave of 2003; the risk of inland flooding, such as recently in Central Europe and Great Britain; and the harsh Atlantic hurricane seasons of 2004 and 2005. Furthermore, it briefly assesses the relation between climate change and El Ni?o, and the potential of abrupt climate change. Several trends in weather extremes are sufficiently clear to inform risk reduction efforts. In many instances, however, the potential increases in extreme events due to climate change come on top of alarming rises in vulnerability. Hence, the additional risks due to climate change should not be analysed or treated in isolation, but instead integrated into broader efforts to reduce the risk of natural disasters.     

Local initiatives and adaptation to climate change

Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in the number and strength of natural hazards produced by climatic events. This paper presents some examples of the experiences of community-based organisations (CBOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) of variations in climate, and looks at how they have incorporated their findings into the design and implementation of local adaptation strategies. Local organisations integrate climate change and climatic hazards into the design and development of their projects as a means of adapting to their new climatic situation. Projects designed to boost the resilience of local livelihoods are good examples of local adaptation strategies. To upscale these adaptation initiatives, there is a need to improve information exchange between CBOs, NGOs and academia. Moreover, there is a need to bridge the gap between scientific and local knowledge in order to create projects capable of withstanding stronger natural hazards.     

安全评价技术的探讨

以研制系统安全评价标准为切入点,对系统安全性评价的用途,系统固有危险性评价,事故直接隐患评价,事故间接隐患评价等诸方面,从理论上作了深入的阐述,对指导企业搞好安全评价工作,提高安全管理水平,减少和控制事故有较强的参考和实用价值.     

In harm’s way: Non-migration decisions of people at risk of slow-onset coastal hazards in Bangladesh

Non-migration is an adaptive strategy that has received little attention in environmental migration studies. We explore the leveraging factors of non-migration decisions of communities at risk in coastal Bangladesh, where exposure to both rapid- and slow-onset natural disasters is high. We apply the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to empirical data and assess how threat perception and coping appraisal influences migration decisions in farming communities suffering from salinization of cropland. This study consists of data collected through quantitative household surveys (n = 200) and semi-structured interviews from four villages in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Results indicate that most respondents are unwilling to migrate, despite better economic conditions and reduced environmental risk in other locations. Land ownership, social connectedness, and household economic strength are the strongest predictors of non-migration decisions. This study is the first to use the PMT to understand migration-related behaviour and the findings are relevant for policy planning in vulnerable regions where exposure to climate-related risks is high but populations are choosing to remain in place.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01552-8.     

科技期刊走产业化道路的实践和经验

随着我国防震减灾事业的发展和科技体制改革的深入 ,研究所办科技期刊的生存和发展面临着严峻的挑战。中国地震局工力所科学技术杂志社主办的“三刊”在严峻的挑战面前 ,利用自身学术水准高的优势 ,主动与高校及国家级研究所联合办刊 ,从而在救活自身刊物的同时 ,又扶植了一批青年科学家 ,双效双赢 ,闯出了一条适合自己的科技期刊走产业化道路的成功之路。     

科技支撑美丽中国建设的进展和展望

自党的十八大提出美丽中国建设目标以来，为发挥好科技支撑作用，国家组织开展了一系列关于资源、生态和环境等领域的科技计划，有效支撑了美丽中国建设的理论探索、生态环境保护修复和生态文明体制建设决策支持等方面的科技需求。本文在梳理过去十年国际及发达国家生态环境领域科技研发布局情况，以及我国相关领域科技研发计划和推进情况的基础上，重点介绍了中国科学院“美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程”战略性先导科技专项（A类）的主要研发内容及取得的阶段进展，并基于现状与期望分析，辨识有关领域科技前沿动态与发展趋势，提出关于下一步科技发展方向的建议，以期为党的二十大之后科技推进美丽中国建设的方向提供参考。     

加入世贸组织后中国地震科技期刊面临的新问题及应对办法

分析了加入世界贸易组织之后 ,中国地震科技期刊所面临的新问题。这些问题是 :国外出版机构争夺国内作者和作品 ;国外地震科技期刊进入国内市场 ,争夺国内地震科技期刊的市场占有份额 ;传统的管理模式和办刊理念受到挑战。应对这些问题的办法是 :(1 )主管部门在宏观管理上给足政策 ,适当扶持 ;(2 )适应潮流 ,改变管理模式 ;(3 )提高期刊整体质量 ;(4 )加强宣传 ,站稳市场。     

科技期刊在国家标准执行中的几个问题

本文对科技期刊在国家标准执行中有 3点建议 :①在网络化、信息化的新形势下 ,国家应出台统一的编辑出版标准 ;②执行标准中科学性应放在第一位 ;③加强标准化的宣传     

中国地震次生地质灾害分布及地市级危险性区划研究

地震次生地质灾害指由地震活动引起的地质灾害。地震次生地质灾害,主要为崩塌、滑坡,其次为塌陷、地裂缝、砂土液化等。地震次生地质灾害增强了地震的破坏效应,加剧了地震灾害的损失程度,给抢险救灾和灾后重建造成很大困难。一般震级大于5级、烈度超过6度的地震可能引发不同程度的地质灾害,震级和烈度越高,次生地质灾害越严重。本文根据中国历史地震次生地质灾害的活动程度及发生条件,以地(市、区、盟)为单元,进行了危险性评价:高度和中度危险区主要分布在中国中部的陕甘宁川渝滇藏地区,形成一个大致北北东向的高危险带,其余大部分地区为轻度危险区。