有机膨润土吸附苯酚的性能及其在水处理中的应用初探

分别用氯化十六烷基吡啶（CPC）和溴化十六烷基三甲铵（CTMAB）改性膨润土,试验了制备有机膨润土的适宜条件及其对吸附苯酚性能的影响。上述两种有机膨润土吸附水中苯酚很快能达到平衡。pH值为3─9时,有机膨润土处理苯酚的效果基本一致;pH>11时,有较高的去除率。CPC－膨润土或CTMAB－膨润土对苯酚的饱和吸附容量分别为103.5mg/g和75.0mg/g。有机膨润土处理苯酚的效果比原土提高8倍以上。     

几种无机混凝剂对酸性红染料的脱色研究

比较了无机混凝剂氯化铁、氯化铝和硫酸铝对染色废水的脱色效果，实验结果表明：氯化剂的絮凝脱色效果最佳，其适宜ｐＨ在２．５￣４．５之间，当加入适量的膨润土，则能拓宽ｐＨ适用范围，稳定脱色效果。     

Adsorptive removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modified bentonite clay (organoclay): Kinetic and competitive adsorption isotherm

Cationic surfactant (Hexadecyltrimenthylammonium chloride) modified bentonite clay was prepared and systematically studied for its adsorption behavior as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous phase. Organo modified clay shows better capacity for the removal of three dyes. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on pH and initial dye concentration. The maximum dye sorption was found to be at a pH of 9.0 (99.99% for MB, 95.0% for CV and 83.0% for RB). The adsorption capacity for the dyes was found to be 399.74, 365.11 and 324.36 μmol/g for MB, CV and RB, respectively at 30 °C. The equilibrium uptake was attained within 240 min. The kinetic studies were revealed that sorption follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicates chemisorption between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. Adsorption isotherm indicates non-energetically adsorption sites which fit with Freundlich isotherm model. The fitness of kinetics and isotherm models was evaluated by using HYBRID error analysis function. Competitive adsorptions of dyes were studied by using binary component systems.     

巯基化膨润土对As~(3+)的吸附解吸性能研究

水体及土壤砷污染已引起社会的广泛关注。本研究从7种改性膨润土中筛选出1种对As3+吸附能力较强的材料,即巯基化膨润土。其对As3+的吸附解吸研究显示,吸附在120min后达到平衡;在材料投加量达到0.1 g后,As3+的吸附率基本不变;巯基化膨润土对As3+的吸附受p H、温度及离子强度影响较小,其对As3+的解吸受pH及离子强度影响也较小,且解吸率均小于1%。巯基化材料对As3+的饱和吸附量达到了1.18 mg/g,比钙基膨润土提高了12倍以上;其比表面积比钙基膨润土提高了6倍以上。因此,巯基化膨润土是一种较理想的As 3+吸附材料。     

The effect of landfill leachate composition on organics and nitrogen removal in an activated sludge system with bentonite additive

A pre-denitrification activated sludge system (AS) without internal recycle was used in lab-scale studies of landfill leachate treatment. A bentonite supplement at a ratio of 1:4 (mineral : biomass) was used to ensure high sludge settling levels and to serve as a micro-organisms carrier. The system was operated within different parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), ammonia loading rate (ALR) or external recycle ratio, which was adapted to treat varying leachate concentrations of COD and ammonia, ranging from 1020 to 2680 mgO(2)l(-1) and 400-890 mgNH(4)-Nl(-1) respectively. The nitrification was complete and ammonia oxidation reached 99%; this was obtained while the ALR did not exceed 0.09 g NH(4)(+)-Ng(-1)MLVSS d(-1) and HRT was not lower than 1 day (in the aeration reactor). The performance of denitrification was successfully improved by controlling the external recycle rate, when the BOD(5)/N ratio in the raw leachate was 4.1. Consequently, N-removal of up to 80% was achieved. A 10-fold decrease in the denitrification rate was obtained at a BOD(5)/N ratio of 0.5. The efficiency of COD removal varied significantly from 36% to 84%. The positive effect of bentonite addition was determined and is discussed based on preliminary studies. The experiments were carried out in fill-and-draw activated sludge with bentonite; the biomass ratio was 1:2. The activated sludge with bentonite was fed with a synthetic high ammonia and organic-free medium.     

改性的膨润土或沸石在废水处理中的应用展望

本文扼要介绍了改性的膨润土或沸石在废水处理中的应用及其吸附水中污染物的性能、机理和规律,指出了今后的研究工作中需要解决的问题,展望了它们在污水处理中的应用前景.     

The effects of apple pomace,bentonite and calcium superphosphate on swine manure aerobic composting

The effects of additives such as apple pomace, bentonite and calcium superphosphate on swine manure composting were investigated in a self-built aerated static box (90 L) by assessing their influences on the transformation of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous and compost maturity. The results showed that additives all prolonged the thermophilic stage in composting compared to control. Nitrogen losses amounted to 34–58% of the initial nitrogen, in which ammonia volatilization accounted for 0.3–4.6%. Calcium superphosphate was helpful in facilitating composting process as it significantly reduced the ammonia volatilization during thermophilic stage and increased the contents of total nitrogen and phosphorous in compost, but bentonite increased the ammonia volatilization and reduced the total nitrogen concentration. It suggested that calcium superphosphate is an effective additive for keeping nitrogen during swine manure composting.     

利用废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料生产油性腻子的研究

为了减少白色污染物聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料废弃物对环境的污染,以生活及工业废弃物聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料与活性白土为主要原料,加入适量乙酸乙酯,搅拌均匀即得一种油性腻子。该产品的性能与同类腻子相似,其制造成本低,取料容易,适用于镶嵌玻璃,也可作其它填平凹坑,缝隙。     

膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附剂处理染料废水的实验研究

利用膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附处理结晶紫染料废水,考察了pH值、搅拌时间和膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附剂的用量等对结晶紫去除率的影响。结果表明,当pH值为5,搅拌时间为30min,膨润土负载壳聚糖吸附剂投加量为500mg时,处理50mL浓度为5×10^-4mol／L染料废水的结晶紫去除率达到99．5％。