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11.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different loading configurations on the WorldSID 50th percentile male dummy instrumented either with the Infra-Red Telescoping Rod for the Assessment of Chest Compression (IR-TRACC) or the RibEye? rib deflection measurement system.Methods: The optical sensors of the RibEye system were used to capture the multipoint deformation of the dummy at frontal and rearward off-center locations in addition to the center of the rib location. The experimental setup consisted of 2 types of loadings: Low severity and high severity. Low-severity loading was performed by deploying a fixture-mounted side airbag on the dummy and high-severity loading was achieved by deploying a driver front airbag mounted in a similar fashion. The low-severity condition aimed at deforming the dummy’s ribs locally at off-center locations where the RibEye light emitting diodes (LEDs) were positioned to capture the deformations at those locations. The high-severity condition aimed at loading the dummy at high speed in lateral and oblique directions similar to what is experienced by dummies in side impacts.Results: In the low-severity tests, the peak deflections, in terms of length change, were approximately 15–20?mm, whereas for the high-severity cases the peak deflections were in the range of 30–40?mm for both IR-TRACC and RibEye cases.Conclusions: For similar physical insults, dummies with the IR-TRACC and RibEye systems showed varying results for both length changes and the shoulder forces depending on the severity and direction of loading. Under purely lateral loading, the mid-length changes with the RibEye and the 1D IR-TRACC were comparable. In the oblique loading conditions, more differences were seen with the 2 systems depending on the impact direction. The shoulder forces consistently differed between the 2 systems. In the frontal oblique low-severity cases, the ribs pivoted along the spine end and the length change was not found to be a suitable parameter to quantify rib deformation in such loading scenarios. 相似文献
12.
N.P. Thacker M.V. Vaidya M. Sipani A. Kalra 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):483-496
Abstract Granular activated carbon adsorption is one of the reliable and effective means of removing organochlorine pesticides from water. Continuous stirred tank and fix bed reactor systems were used for the screening of indigenous granular activated carbons in the removal of organochlorine pesticides from water at low microgram levels in simulated samples. The carbon dose reguired to treat raw water at initial concentrations of 5–10 ug/1 of Y‐HCH, p,p'‐DDT and p,p'‐DDE to <2 ug/1 potable level was computed. Data leads to the development of a tap attachable water treatment unit for pesticides removal for applications on domestic scale. 相似文献
13.
Ebrayi KN Pathak H Kalra N Bhatia A Jain N 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):451-465
Nitrogen is the most widely used fertilizer nutrient, and it is a universally deficient nutrient too, which often severely
restricts the growth and yield of crops. To improve N fertilizer management, soil–plant system models can be applied to simulate
adequate N supply for both, optimal crop growth and minimal N losses. The likely impact of climate change on the cereal production
is of paramount importance in the planning strategies to meet the future growing needs on sustainable grounds. In this scenario
models are the effective tools to foresee the probable impacts and for choosing appropriate land use options. The study reported
in this thesis, employs field experiments and use of simulation tools to understand the dynamics of soil N balance and relate
growth and yield of rice under varying nitrogen inputs. The InfoCrop model was used in this study, which was calibrated with
the historic data sets, and subsequently validated with the field experiment conducted at IARI Farm, New Delhi. Simulated
results matched well with the observed values in terms of growth and yield of rice and seasonal nitrogen uptake. The components
of soil nitrogen balance differed among varying nitrogen level treatments, which was also captured by use of InfoCrop. The
model was then taken to climate change impact analysis. The results clearly revealed that when temperature increased, the
soil N losses, like denitrification, volatilization, N2O emission increased, whereas grain and biomass yields decreased. The
further scope of the study is to validate the study in contrasting agroenvironments. 相似文献