Analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Houston Ship Channel and Galveston Bay following a large-scale industrial fire using ion-mobility-spectrometry-mass spectrometry

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants of concern because of their ubiquitous presence in surface and ground water; analytical methods that can be used for rapid comprehensive exposure assessment and fingerprinting of PFAS are needed. Following the fires at the Intercontinental Terminals Company (ITC) in Deer Park, TX in 2019, large quantities of PFAS-containing firefighting foams were deployed. The release of these substances into the Houston Ship Channel/Galveston Bay (HSC/GB) prompted concerns over the extent and level of PFAS contamination. A targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based study of temporal and spatial patterns of PFAS associated with this incident revealed presence of 7 species; their levels gradually decreased over a 6-month period. Because the targeted LC-MS/MS analysis was focused on about 30 PFAS molecules, it may have missed other PFAS compounds present in firefighting foams. Therefore, we utilized untargeted LC-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS)-based analytical approach for a more comprehensive characterization of PFAS in these water samples. We analyzed 31 samples from 9 sites in the HSC/GB that were collected over 5 months after the incident. Our data showed that additional 19 PFAS were detected in surface water of HSC/GB, most of them decreased gradually after the incident. PFAS features detected by LC-MS/MS correlated well in abundance with LC-IMS-MS data; however, LC-IMS-MS identified a number of additional PFAS, many known to be components of firefighting foams. These findings therefore illustrate that untargeted LC-IMS-MS improved our understanding of PFAS presence in complex environmental samples.     

Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed

The concentration profile of 40 polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water along the River Rhine watershed from the Lake Constance to the North Sea was investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of point as well as diffuse sources, to estimate fluxes of PFAS into the North Sea and to identify replacement compounds of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In addition, an interlaboratory comparison of the method performance was conducted. The PFAS pattern was dominated by perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) with concentrations up to 181 ng/L and 335 ng/L, respectively, which originated from industrial point sources. Fluxes of ΣPFAS were estimated to be ∼6 tonnes/year which is much higher than previous estimations. Both, the River Rhine and the River Scheldt, seem to act as important sources of PFAS into the North Sea.     

垃圾填埋与焚烧渗滤液全(多)氟化合物赋存特征

采样分析了来自中国西南地区6个生活垃圾填埋场的渗滤液、3个生活垃圾焚烧厂的渗滤液原液及场内处理出水，发现3种水样中17种全（多）氟化合物（PFAS）浓度分别在1805~43310，7228~16565和55~185ng/L之间；呈现以全氟丁烷羧酸（PFBA）和全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）等短链、偶数链PFAS为主的污染特征.对比位于相近地理区域的焚烧厂和填埋场渗滤液，发现两者PFAS组成类似，而前者PFAS浓度与运行时间为2a的填埋场渗滤液相似，高于运行时间较长（15a）的填埋场渗滤液.研究结果将为我国西南地区垃圾渗滤液PFAS赋存现状提供基础信息，并为预防和控制PFAS产品生产和使用带来的环境污染提供重要数据支持.     

土壤中全氟和多氟烷基化合物的污染现状及环境行为

全氟和多氟烷基化合物（perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs）是一类新兴持久性有机污染物.土壤中PFASs可以通过淋溶作用进入地下水影响水质安全,或者通过陆生食物链的传递和生物放大作用危害生态系统和人类健康,有关土壤中PFASs的赋存状况、浓度水平与行为机制的研究已经成为环境化学领域的热点之一.目前土壤中可以准确测定的PFASs在含氟化合物总量中的占比不到1%,含量为ng/g水平.我国相关研究主要集中在东部及氟化工厂周边地区,其组分以全氟辛烷磺酸（Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid,PFOS）和全氟辛酸（Perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA）等长链PFASs为主.不同类型土壤中PFASs的赋存特征主要受到物质种类与土壤理化性质及周边人类活动的影响.除了含氟化学品生产和使用过程中的直接释放和大气传输以外,PFASs前体物在土壤环境中的转化也是其重要来源.吸附-解吸是PFASs在土壤中的主要归趋方式,化合物碳链长度及官能团种类、土壤理化性质和生物种类等因素都会影响其在土壤中的迁移转化和富集能力.鉴于目前的研究现状,需要进一步优化土壤中PFASs的提取和分析方法,关注新型PFASs在土壤中的变化趋势及行为机制,开展土壤中PFASs的生物可给性和生物可利用性研究,进一步评估PFASs的生态与人体健康风险.      

基于Meta分析的全氟化合物对鱼类生态毒性效应

全氟及多氟化合物（PFAS）是难降解的有机污染物,具有普遍存在、生物蓄积和生物学毒性效应等特点.为探讨PFAS对鱼类的生物毒性效应,综述了64篇文献,通过Meta分析合并效应值探讨鱼类暴露于PFAS对其功能性状的毒性,为PFAS的毒性评估提供参考,有利于PFAS污染的优先控制管理.结果表明：①在研究的12种功能性状中,鱼类的7类功能性状易感,毒性响应顺序为畸形（lnRR=-2.5599）、发育（lnRR=-0.4103）、细胞损伤（lnRR=-0.3962）、生殖（lnRR=-0.3724）、甲状腺水平（lnRR=-0.2492）、生长（lnRR=-0.2194）和生存（lnRR=-0.2192）;②鱼类性别和所处发育阶段显著影响PFAS的水生毒性,PFAS易对雌鱼产生不良影响（lnRR=-0.1628）,且胚胎期鱼类的生理功能受PFAS影响最显著（lnRR=-0.3553）;③研究涉及的PFAS共13种,其中具有磺酸盐基团的PFAS和长链PFAS更易对鱼类的功能性状产生不良影响（P<0.05）;④现有数据揭示PFAS在中低浓度（0.01~10 mg ·L^-1）下易对鱼类产生急性毒性（P<0.05）.     

硫铁矿废水处理污泥制备聚合硫酸铁铝

探讨了以硫铁矿废水处理污泥为原料制备聚合硫酸铁铝的可行性,确定酸溶提取-离心分离-氧化聚合制备聚合硫酸铁铝的工艺流程。用硫铁矿废水与浓硫酸的混合液(体积比9∶1)提取污泥中铁铝元素,在混合液与干污泥的体积质量比3.4∶1,酸溶时间15 min的条件下,污泥中铁的提取效果较好。离心分离后的污泥提取液,经过氧化聚合制备聚合硫酸铁铝。结果表明,在反应溶液初始pH 0.9,反应温度40℃,反应时间2 h,氧化剂投加量为理论投加量2倍的条件下,制备得到的聚合硫酸铁铝质量最好;对印染废水的混凝沉淀实验发现其混凝沉淀效果已达到市售聚合硫酸铁铝水平。     

Maternal exposure to specific perfluoroalkyl substances is associated with increasing blood glucose in pregnant women

正Imagine if a group of toxic substances that increase oxidative stress and disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism have been broadly used worldwide for applications such as repellent,food packaging,and non-stick frying pan coatings.Now imagine if some of these substances have half-lives as long as 3-8 years.This is an environmental reality that has come to light with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)–high     

Perfluorinated and chlorinated pollutants as predictors of demographic parameters in an endangered seabird

Despite global occurrence of several perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) the potential ecological effects of such substances on natural populations are not known. In endangered lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus) on the Norwegian Coast, the blood concentrations of PFCs were as high as legacy organochlorines (OCs), and here we examined whether PFCs show associations similar to those of OCs to factors potentially affecting population growth, by evaluating relationships between contaminant concentrations and demographic parameters (reproductive performance and the probability of adults returning between breeding seasons). PFCs were not adversely associated with demographic parameters, while the most persistent OCs; notably PCB and p,p′-DDE, were adversely associated with early chick survival, and adult return rate. This study thus suggests that when the concentrations of PFCs and OCs are of similar magnitude in a gull population, OCs are more likely to cause adverse ecological effects.