山西省城市居民环境意识调查分析

山西省城市环境质量状况虽有了较大的改善,但任务仍十分艰巨,保护当地的环境资源改善人们的环境生存状况是当前的重要任务之一。本研究通过问卷调查的形式,从环境认知、环境意向、环境行为等方面,调查了解山西省城市居民的环境意识现状及存在的主要问题,并在此基础上进行了深入的分析,提出了提高居民环境意识,促进环境质量改善的建议。     

抗氧剂1010工业废液的综合利用

以抗氧剂1010工业废液为原料,以工业酒精为溶剂,NaOH作催化剂,经过水解、中和、抽滤、烘干等步骤制得3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸。在NaOH质量分数为20％、52业酒精与废液质量比为1：2．5、反应时间为40min的最佳工艺条件下,3,5-二叔丁基-4羟基苯基丙酸的收率为83％。     

紫外光(UV)光解油田采出水中多环芳烃

为了探讨紫外光光解人工模拟油田采出水中多环芳烃的降解效率,利用自制反应装置对油田采出水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的紫外光光解做了一个初步研究。研究结果证明,紫外光光解对油田采出水中的多环芳烃萘和芴有显著的降解能力。实验室的测试表明,与紫外UVA(365 nm)、UVB(308 nm)的光照相比,紫外UVC(254 nm)在光照60 min的条件下,2种多环芳烃各自的去除率都近似达到了99%。可见,在光解效力和暴露时间两方面,紫外UVC对采出水中萘和芴的去除具有相对稳定和比较高的效率。     

真空紫外灯动态降解空气中低浓度甲醛的研究

以集中空调中处理室内可挥发性有机物（VOCs）为应用背景，搭建了试验台。实验研究了真空紫外灯（主波长254nm，185nm）降解甲醛的影响因素以及产生O3的情况。研究表明，在产生的O3浓度低于室内空气质量标准（0．16mg／m^3）的情况下，真空紫外灯也能够高效地降解空气中低浓度甲醛（〈1mg／m^3）；甲醛降解率与反应器空气流速及甲醛初始浓度成反比；降解速率与甲醛初始浓度成正比，与反应器空气的流速成反比；绝对湿度对真空紫外灯降解甲醛有一定的影响；反应器空间大小对甲醛降解影响比较显著。应用于集中空调系统净化室内空气中VOCs，取得了很好的效果。     

基于生物可利用性的砷污染土壤修复目标值研究

采用IVG（In Vitro Gastrointestinal）和UBM（Unified BARGE Method）两种体外试验方法,研究了湖北省某一砷污染地块的潮土中,砷在 不同浓度梯度和深度梯度下的生物可利用性.结果表明,砷在胃相中的生物可利用性为4.50%~26.41%,在小肠中的生物可利用性为3.95%~22.39%.同时,采用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析方法探究了人体胃肠可吸收砷的可能来源,发现人体胃肠可吸收利用的砷与土壤中非专性吸附态、专性吸附态、无定形和弱结晶铁铝氧化物结合态砷有显著相关性.通过构建土壤中砷生物可给态浓度的多元线性回归方程,发现 土壤pH、总砷含量及砂粒含量是砷生物可给态浓度的主要预测因子.将概率累积分析法获取的地块土壤砷背景浓度上限值与湖北省土壤 背景值、GB36600中附录A中潮土砷的背景值进行比较,推导出该地块基于生物可利用性的土壤砷背景浓度上限值为113 mg?kg^-1,结合该地块今后规划为生态保护绿地,可将土壤砷背景浓度上限值作为地块修复目标值制定的参考,在一定程度上可以避免修复目标值过严导致修复成本过高的问题.     

脉冲放电等离子体-催化耦合降解室内甲醛的研究

利用脉冲放电等离子体-催化耦合技术,进行模拟室内空气循环降解甲醛的实验,对比了3种净化方式(紫外光催化、等离子体单独作用与等离子体-催化耦合)的甲醛降解效果,并考察了中心电极的极性、催化剂活性炭板与中心电极的距离对甲醛降解效果的影响.结果表明,相对单独的紫外光催化和等离子体作用而言,等离子体-催化耦合多重功效结合的甲醛降解效果更好,降解速率也更快；中心电极为正极的电场的甲醛降解效果优于中心电极为负极的电场；随着催化剂活性炭板与中心电极距离的不断扩大,直至板移动至电场外部的过程中,甲醛的降解率表现为先上升后下降的趋势,催化剂活性炭板与中心电极的距离存在一个最佳值,本研究的最佳距离为15mm.     

Effects of imazethapyr spraying on plant growth and leaf surface microbial communities in Arabidopsis thaliana

Imazethapyr (IM) is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide that has been widely used in recent years. However, IM spraying can lead to the accumulation of herbicide residues in leaves. Here, we determined the effects of IM spraying on the plant growth and leaf surface microbial communities of Arabidopsis thaliana after 7 and 14?days of exposure. The results suggested that IM spraying inhibited plant growth. Fresh weight decreased to 48% and 26% of the control value after 7 and 14?days, respectively, of 0.035?kg/ha IM exposure. In addition, anthocyanin content increased 9.2-fold and 37.2-fold relative to the control content after 7 and 14?days of treatment, respectively. Furthermore, IM spraying destroyed the cell structures of the leaves, as evidenced by increases in the number of starch granules and the stomatal closure rate. Reductions in photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity were observed after IM spraying, especially after 14?days of exposure. The diversity and evenness of the leaf microbiota were not affected by IM treatment, but the composition of community structure at the genus level was altered by IM spraying. Imazethapyr application increased the abundance of Pseudomonas, a genus that includes species pathogenic to plants and humans, indicating that IM potentially increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria on leaves. Our findings increase our understanding of the relationships between herbicide application and the microbial community structures on plant leaves, and they provide a new perspective for studying the ecological safety of herbicide usage.     

Pollutant toxicology with respect to microalgae and cyanobacteria

Microalgae and cyanobacteria are fundamental components of aquatic ecosystems. Pollution in aquatic environment is a worldwide problem. Toxicological research on microalgae and cyanobacteria can help to establish a solid foundation for aquatic ecotoxicological assessments. Algae and cyanobacteria occupy a large proportion of the biomass in aquatic environments; thus, their toxicological responses have been investigated extensively. However, the depth of toxic mechanisms and breadth of toxicological investigations need to be improved. While existing pollutants are being discharged into the environment daily, new ones are also being produced continuously. As a result, the phenomenon of water pollution has become unprecedentedly complex. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on five kinds of aquatic pollutants, namely, metals, nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Further, we present information on emerging pollutants such as graphene, microplastics, and ionic liquids. Efforts in studying the toxicological effects of pollutants on microalgae and cyanobacteria must be increased in order to better predict the potential risks posed by these materials to aquatic ecosystems as well as human health.     

真空紫外灯动态降解空气中低浓度甲醛的研究

以集中空调中处理室内可挥发性有机物(VOCs)为应用背景,搭建了试验台.实验研究了真空紫外灯(主波长254 nm,185 nm)降解甲醛的影响因素以及产生O3的情况.研究表明,在产生的O3浓度低于室内空气质量标准(0.16mg/m3)的情况下,真空紫外灯也能够高效地降解空气中低浓度甲醛(＜1 mg/m3);甲醛降解率与反应器空气流速及甲醛初始浓度成反比;降解速率与甲醛初始浓度成正比,与反应器空气的流速成反比;绝对湿度对真空紫外灯降解甲醛有一定的影响;反应器空间大小对甲醛降解影响比较显著.应用于集中空调系统净化室内空气中VOCs,取得了很好的效果.