微藻热化学转化制取生物质油催化剂的研究进展

微藻生物质能源被认为是可以有效解决能源危机的第三代生物质能源。以微藻为原料,通过热化学转化的方法制取生物质油是微藻能源利用的研究热点。综述了微藻热化学转化中催化剂的研究进展,包括碱金属盐催化剂、分子筛催化剂、过渡金属催化剂等,并提出了该研究的发展方向。     

Steam Reforming of Bio-Oil Aqueous Fractions for Syngas Production and Energy

Abstract The biorefinery concept has been proposed as a route map to convert biomass into fuels and chemicals, maximizing economic and environmental benefits while minimizing pollution. A biorefinery strategy based on fast pyrolysis is proposed following a two-stage process, where biomass is first subjected to fast pyrolysis, optimized to collect up to 75% (per unit weight of biomass) of a liquid fraction called bio-oil. This bio-oil or its fractions can be upgraded in a second step to different chemicals, to a syngas and/or to energy. In particular, the catalytic steam reforming of the aqueous fraction of bio-oil obtained by fractionation with water is one of the most attractive possibilities for bio-oil upgrading, yielding a H2-rich syngas with low CO content. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the best alternative for the catalytic steam reforming process is hydrogen production through further purification of the gas obtained.     

生物质闪速热解技术及生物油的应用

目前可利用的石油资源在日益耗竭,许多国家纷纷开始寻找石油的替代品,其中生物质热解液化制油技术已被认为是最具有发展潜力的技术之一.本文介绍了国内外的主要热解反应器研制情况,并阐述了生物油的应用.     

水生植物热解生物油对中肋骨条藻抗氧化酶活性的影响

为揭示水生植物生物油抑藻机制,研究了芦竹300℃、芦苇400℃以及香蒲400℃这3种生物油对中肋骨条藻丙二醛含量变化及抗氧化酶系统(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,在这3种生物油作用下,生物油浓度越高MDA含量越高,当生物油浓度为10 mg·L-1时,中肋骨条藻丙二醛(MDA)含量随着作用时间的延长而升高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随生物油添加浓度的升高而升高,在芦竹300℃及香蒲400℃生物油作用下随时间延长呈先升高后降低趋势,均在24 h时达到最大值,分别为93.6 U.(107cells)-1、8.23 U.(107cells)-1,而在芦苇400℃生物油作用下72 h内始终保持升高趋势;过氧化物酶(POD)活性同样也随生物油浓度的增加而升高,芦竹300℃、芦苇400℃生物油作用下POD活性先升后降,香蒲400℃作用下则呈波动上升趋势;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在这3种生物油作用下随培养时间的延长均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且生物油浓度越大,CAT活性越高.生物油引起抗氧化酶活性升高,导致藻细胞内产生氧化胁迫,可能是其抑制藻类的主要机制.