Effect of chemical and thermal activations on the properties of rice husk ash-based solidified wastes

Strength development,leachability and microstructure of heavy metals from the solidified waste using synthesis rice husk ash (sRHA) and lime blended at the weight ratio of 1:1 were used as binders.The heavy metal-containing sludge was used at the level of 0 wt.%,30 wt.%,and 50 wt.% dry weight,respectively.The sample specimens with and without 1.5 wt.% of sodium silicate (SiO 2 /Na 2 O=1.0) were cured under the ambient condition and elevated temperature curing at 50°C for 24 hr.Experimental results showed that the introduction of sodium silicate solution and elevated temperature curing to sRHA-based solidified waste containing 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge gave one day strength of 20 kg/cm 2 compared to 0.9 kg/cm2 for the control sample.XRD patterns indicated that most metal-sulfides present in the sludge were appeared in the solidified waste and SEM coupled with EDX techniques reveal these metal-sulfide particles were trapped within the lime-sRHA matrices.In addition,cumulative leaching behavior by tank test (EA NEN 7375:2004) showed that solidified waste containing up to 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge was suitable to dispose in a secured landfill.     

锰尾矿、矿渣浸出毒性及Cd、Pb溶出特性研究

锰尾矿、矿渣是锰生产过程中形成的废弃物,里面的很多物质都会在自然条件下如雨水淋溶而溶出,进入到土壤和水体中造成环境污染。通过对锰尾矿、矿渣进行浸出毒性实验;以及结合到当地的自然条件,考查浸泡体系pH值、温度、液固比的变化条件,对尾矿、矿渣中Pb、Cd溶出含量的影响,明确了锰尾矿、矿渣属于一般的工业固体废物,以及Pb、Cd的溶出特性。     

Cover crop effects on nitrous oxide emission from a manure-treated Mollisol

Agriculture contributes 40–60% of the total annual N₂O emissions to the atmosphere. Development of management practices to reduce these emissions would have a significant impact on greenhouse gas levels. Non-leguminous cover crops are efficient scavengers of residual soil NO₃, thereby reducing leaching losses. However, the effect of a grass cover crop on N₂O emissions from soil receiving liquid swine manure has not been evaluated. This study investigated: (i) the temporal patterns of N₂O emissions following addition of swine manure slurry in a laboratory setting under fluctuating soil moisture regimes; (ii) assessed the potential of a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop to decrease N₂O emissions under these conditions; and (iii) quantified field N₂O emissions in response to either spring applied urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or different rates of fall-applied liquid swine manure, in the presence or absence of a rye/oat winter cover crop. Laboratory experiments investigating cover crop effects N₂O emissions were performed in a controlled environment chamber programmed for a 14 h light period, 18 °C day temperature, and 15 °C night temperature. Treatments with or without a living rye cover crop were treated with either: (i) no manure; (ii) a phosphorus-based manure application rate (low manure): or (iii) a nitrogen-based manure application rate (high manure). We observed a significant reduction in N₂O emissions in the presence of the rye cover crop. Field experiments were performed on a fine-loamy soil in Central Iowa from October 12, 2005 to October 2, 2006. We observed no significant effect of the cover crop on cumulative N₂O emissions in the field. The primary factor influencing N₂O emission was N application rate, regardless of form or timing. The response of N₂O emission to N additions was non-linear, with progressively more N₂O emitted with increasing N application. These results indicate that while cover crops have the potential to reduce N₂O emissions, N application rate may be the overriding factor.     

石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复研究进展

石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复是一种新兴的、经济高效的修复技术,是对生物修复的一种补充.异位淋洗修复有望促成石油污染土壤修复的系统化.本文讨论了石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复的原理、特点及其影响因素,阐述了石油污染土壤异位淋洗修复的最新研究进展,并对该领域今后的研究重点进行了展望.     

无污染碘化法提金工艺条件及再生研究

以大兴安岭地区呼玛金矿含银氧化矿为原材料,探讨了碘化提金的工艺条件,并对碘的再生方式进行了研究。研究表明,常温条件下当浸出时间为3 h,液固比为5:1,碘含量达到0.8%,pH值在6~8的范围内时,可以得到较理想的浸金率,此时金的浸出率可达到90%以上。为了降低碘化提金的应用成本,采用锌置换金的方法使碘回收,结果显示,当锌粉的加入量为1 g,置换时间为1 h时,置换率最高,碘可以高效回收利用。     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰制陶瓷砖表征

为了探索生活垃圾焚烧飞灰资源化利用途径,在对飞灰化学组成及矿物成分分析的基础上,利用飞灰、黄陶土、耐火砂及长石研制陶瓷砖,最佳配比方案为:飞灰20%,黄陶土60%,长石10%,耐火砂10%,分析了最佳配比制品的吸水率、抗压强度、微观结构及水平振荡浸出毒性。结果表明:飞灰属SiO2-Al2O3-金属氧化物体系,主要矿物成分是钙硅酸盐及铝硅酸盐等,可用于制陶瓷砖;最佳配比制品达MU15强度等级,满足抗风化的要求;随煅烧温度的升高,制品结构不断密实化,960℃烧成的制品显示出完全烧结的特点,960~1 000℃烧成的制品中出现明显的晶化、玻璃化过程。最佳配比制品重金属浸出毒性完全达标,重金属的浸出率与坯体相比大大降低。     

水溶性有机物在土壤剖面中的分馏及对Cu迁移的作用

通过室内土柱试验研究了DOM在土壤剖面中的“分馏”作用,DOM在纵向运移过程中的穿透行为及对污染的红壤和潮土中重金属Cu溶出效果的影响.结果表明,绿肥和猪粪DOM经过土柱后极性都有所降低,在潮土上的降低幅度较大,分别为11.4%和10.72%;DOM能够明显地增加污染土壤中Cu的溶出,且这种作用效果与DOM及土壤的性质有关,绿肥DOM的作用效果比猪粪DOM的强,整个淋洗过程中潮土上Cu的平均溶出量是红壤上的4.37倍(绿肥DOM)和3.03倍(猪粪DOM);由于微生物对DOM的分解作用,降低了DOM对土壤中Cu的溶出效果.     

废旧阴极射线管(CRT)显示器玻壳中铅浸出特性研究

CRT显示器玻壳中含有大量的铅,废旧CRT显示器玻壳被列为危险废物。采用4种浸提方法(水平振荡法(GB5086.2-1997)、翻转法(GB5086.1-1997)、硫酸硝酸法(HJ/T299-2007)、醋酸缓冲溶液法(HJ/T300-2007))研究CRT显示器玻壳中铅的浸出特性。同时探讨浸提液pH和pH缓冲能力、振荡方式、CRT玻壳颗粒粒径、液固比、浸提时间对CRT玻壳颗粒中的Pb浸出的影响。结果表明:上述4种方法浸提液中Pb的平均浓度分别为0.07、0.69、1.64、11.33 mg/L。随着醋酸缓冲液初始pH值从4.0升高到7.0,其浸提的Pb的含量呈现出逐渐下降的趋势。而去离子水的pH值低于5时,其浸提的Pb的含量才明显升高。Visual MINTEQ模型计算结果表明:在去离子水和硫酸硝酸混合液浸提过程中,主要以酸碱反应为主;而在醋酸缓冲液浸提过程中,以酸碱反应和络合反应为主。前3种浸提方法使用的浸提液类似于天然水环境或降水,其浸提的Pb浓度高于地下水环境质量III标准。第4种浸提方法模拟垃圾填埋场环境,其浸提的Pb的浓度高于工业固废最高容许浸出浓度。因此,废旧CRT玻壳无论填埋处置或直接进入土...     

镍渣的重金属浸出特性

在分析镍渣的矿物相组成和重金属元素含量的基础上,鉴定了镍渣样品的浸出毒性,并考察了pH、液固比和浸出时间等条件对镍渣样中铬、铅、铜和锌等重金属浸出特性的影响。结果表明,镍渣中的重金属总量约为渣样的0.9%,且铬、铜和锌的含量较高,需进行安全管理。实验所用镍渣样品为第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物。在强酸条件下镍渣中重金属浸出浓度较大,pH3后浸出浓度显著降低;液固比40 L/kg时,镍渣中重金属不断溶出,液固比40 L/kg后,浸出达到饱和,浸出浓度趋于平衡;随着浸出时间的增加,重金属离子的浸出浓度先增加后减少,但由于各重金属性质不同,各重金属达到最大浸出浓度的时间不同。     

电镀污泥的热处理特性以及对金属回收的影响

焙烧-酸浸法可有效回收电镀污泥中的有价金属,而污泥的热处理特性是决定能否采用焙烧预处理的重要因素。研究了氧化焙烧和还原焙烧对污泥成分和金属浸出性的影响,并对焙烧前后的污泥进行了金属形态分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析。结果表明,焙烧预处理实现了污泥减量和金属富集;ES1经氧化焙烧后金属浸出率接近原泥,Cu的浸出率达99%;ES2的还原焙烧效果优于氧化焙烧,特别是Cu的浸出率超过97%,XRD分析发现,还原焙烧过程中金属Cu被还原为铁铜合金;2种焙烧均造成了ES3中目标金属Ni的浸出率的降低;金属浸出性的下降与残渣态的形成有关。