双滤料过滤技术在微粒径采出水处理中的研究与应用

对BQ油田联合站采出水处理工艺技术优化,由"重力沉降+核桃壳过滤+纤维球过滤"三级工艺简化为"重力沉降+双滤料过滤"两级工艺。优化后设备集成度更高,设计处理能力优化缩减20%,设备负载率提高13.5%;过滤器由12具减少至4具,设备数量减少67%;反洗周期,由12 h延长至48～72 h,降低了反洗能耗;反冲洗水量,由435 m~3/d降至120 m~3/d,减少72.4%;预计采出水处理系统能耗可由改造前的71.2×10~4 kW·h降低至63.5×10~4 kW·h。     

能源低碳转型风险及其应对策略——基于新型能源安全观的研究

能源低碳转型已成为世界各国应对气候危机和推动可持续发展的重要途径。然而，已有的研究大多是基于能源供给或者需求安全等相对单一的维度对能源低碳转型的风险与挑战展开分析，这将导致转型风险识别不够全面。鉴于此，本文在梳理能源安全观内涵演进的基础上，构建了涵盖供需安全、技术安全、信息安全、市场安全和人才安全的新型能源安全观“五维”分析框架，系统阐述我国能源低碳转型面临的风险，进而提出应对策略，包括保障能源供给，强化供需安全；发挥煤电优势，提升技术安全；维护数据系统，保障信息安全；完善市场机制，维护市场安全；加大人才建设，重视人才安全。本文认为，以新型能源安全观引领能源低碳转型，对于推动我国“双碳”目标实现和高质量发展具有重大意义。     

热电厂双膜法中水深度处理系统运行效果与问题分析

中水已成为热电厂的重要水源,其深度处理是影响电厂水处理系统的关键。为评估双膜法在电厂深度处理中的潜力与稳定性,考察了山东某热电厂石灰混凝-超滤(UF)-反渗透(RO)系统不同季节的处理效果及污染物去除特征与各工段贡献率。研究表明:双膜法对浊度、色度、电导、碱度、COD和TOC的去除率分别达95.82%、96.62%、96.73%、98.22%、96.42%和89.13%,在夏季严重膜污堵的条件下,也可保障产水达标,是一种有效的中水深度处理技术。预处理仅去除某些大分子腐殖酸类有机物、硬度类物质、悬浮物,富里酸类有机物、氮等其他溶解性物质主要由RO去除(去除率均60%),因此,存在膜结垢和污堵的风险。不同季节污染物浓度变化不显著,但夏季高温条件下微生物代谢和繁殖速率较高,荧光指数(fluorescence index, FI)大于2,生物指数(biological index, BIX)为1.2左右,这是夏季膜污堵爆发的关键原因。     

茶园土壤酸化对氟的影响及茶叶氟安全限量的探讨

在分析国内外茶园土壤酸化现状的基础上,概述了关于土壤水溶性氟与土壤pH值关系的研究进展,并通过实地调研和培养实验研究了茶园土壤酸化对土壤水溶性氟的影响.实地调研中土壤水溶性氟含量与土壤pH值无显著相关性.培养实验中,当pH＞4.00时,模拟土壤水溶性氟含量随土壤pH值的下降变化不显著;而当pH＜4.00时,土壤水溶性氟含量随着pH值的下降迅速增加,且达到极显著水平.同时描述了世界各国制订的每人每天最大摄氟量标准,对我国现行茶叶标准与国外一些国家的同类标准之间的差异做了评析.茶叶溶出实验的结果表明,我国茶叶氟安全限量需要进一步完善.     

长大区间隧道抽出式串联通风机排烟能力实验研究*

为实现有效通风以降低隧道火灾带来的损失和伤亡,依托青岛市地铁8号线大洋站至青岛北站区间隧道,建立线性比尺为1∶15的隧道通风排烟模型实验系统,针对通风机串联单抽,围绕3种通风机频率匹配组合,测定单机的变频频率值、电功消耗、排烟道与行车道的断面平均风速以及右侧行车道静压。研究结果表明:在相同功率消耗下,不同频率匹配的串联通风机排烟效果存在差异;针对此差异,利用气体挡烟墙性能及其计算欧拉数值比较发现,风井近端的通风机频率较大时,下游对污染气流的抵抗力更强,拥有更好的排烟效果。研究结果可为隧道火灾提供更有效率的防灾救灾数据支持,并从欧拉数方面为研究隧道临界风速提供新角度。     

氟磺隆水解动力学研究

采用试验室内模拟试验的方法,研究不同pH的缓冲溶液和不同自然水体对氟磺隆水解的影响。实验结果表明,不同pH缓冲溶液和不同自然水体对氟磺隆水解速率均有不同程度的影响。在碱性条件下氟磺隆的水解速率最快,半衰期为0.2 d,酸性条件下次之,半衰期为6.0 d,在中性条件下水解较慢,半衰期为15.7 d,而在不同自然水体中氟磺隆的降解速率为:伊通河水稻田水青湖水蒸馏水。     

饮用水净化节水措施PAC除氟方法效果探究

饮用水水源安全是项重要的环保工作,本文用实验方法研究了PAC混凝法除氟的可行性。     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.