泡沫浮选分离中表面活性剂选择及回收研究

以含铬废水为处理对象.采用内循环泡沫浮选分离技术.探讨作为捕集剂的表面活性剂的选择以及处理后泡沫液中表面活性剂的回收。结果表明,阴离子型和两性型表面活性剂有较好分离效果,其中以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)效果最佳。回收泡沫液中加入Na_2CO_3、NaOH或Na_2SO_4,其中加入Na_2CO_3、NaOH,SDS回收率较高,且回收后的SDS能够循环使用于浮选分离过程中,浮选效果与新配置SDS相当,脱除率达到96.81%。     

Lindet ypeF(K)沸石对Zn~(2+)的吸附研究

利用粉煤灰合成Linde type F(K)沸石吸附重金属Zn2+,考察吸附剂量、pH值、反应温度对Zn 2+吸附效果影响,研究沸石吸附Zn2+的等温线与动力学,得到了相应的模型。结果表明:吸附剂量、pH值、反应温度均对Zn2+去除效果影响显著。随着吸附剂量增大,Zn 2+去除效果不断提高,饱和吸附量逐渐减小。初始pH值为3~7时,沸石对Zn2+去除率随pH值升高迅速提高。反应温度越高,沸石吸附Zn2+到达平衡时间越短。沸石对Zn2+吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式,其吸附为单分子层吸附;准二级反应动力学方程能很好描述沸石对Zn2+的吸附行为。     

锌离子对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能的影响

通过序批实验的方法,直接接种厌氧氨氧污泥,研究了Zn2＋对厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）脱氮效能的影响。研究结果表明,当进水Zn2＋质量浓度小于2 mg/L时,对厌氧氨氧化生物活性有促进作用,可增强微生物的脱氮效能;当进水Zn2＋质量浓度在2 mg/L和4 mg/L之间时,脱氮效能无明显变化,说明对厌氧氨氧化微生物活性无明显影响;当进水Zn2＋质量浓度大于4 mg/L,对厌氧氨氧化反应有抑制作用,Zn2＋浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。 Zn2＋对厌氧氨氧化的半抑制质量浓度（CI,50）为32.3 mg/L,NO2--N与NH4＋-N转化比的平均值为1.28。     

Fenton试剂氧化法在工业废水处理中的应用研究

Fenton试剂的氧化能力强,反应过程短,降解效果好,本文中介绍了Fenton试剂的特点,并且通过实验得出几种无机离子对Fenton试剂氧化处理工业废水的影响。     

积分安培检测-离子色谱法同时测定地下水中的溴离子和碘离子

采用积分安培-离子色谱法同时测定地下水中的溴离子和碘离子,该方法的相关性好(r>0.999),精密度高(RSD%<4.0),样品加标回收率为90~110%,溴离子检出限为5.6μg/L,碘离子检出限为2.1μg/L。本法简便、快速、准确且选择性好,可用于分析地下水中的溴离子和碘离子。     

不同离子对黑土胶体在土壤中运移的影响

黑土样品采自于黑龙江海伦市,提取胶体并对其主要理化性质进行定性定量表征,通过淋滤实验研究胶体在土柱中的运移特征以及不同离子及其强度对胶体运移的影响。结果显示:所提取胶体粒径与理论计算基本吻合,粒径主要分布在2~5μm;当pH由4上升到9时,胶体的zeta电位则由-26.43mV降低到-34.52mV;红外光谱显示胶体颗粒的有机机团主要为-OH、CH-、C=O、多糖;X射线衍射表明其主要矿物组成是石英(56.9%)。不同离子及其强度对胶体的在土壤中的运移有较为明显的影响,当pH由4增加到9时,k值由6.020×10-4降低至3.858×10-4,Ca2+、K+、Na+当离子强度由0.5mmol/L变化到0.001mmol/L时,k值分别由6.087×10-4降低至4.024×10-4、5.518×10-4降低至3.818×10-4、5.401×10-4降低至4.109×10-4。     

锰、锌工业废水处理

本文结合当前我国工业外排废水中锰、锌离子含量高、环境影响的分析,重点论述了重金属离子对环境造成的负面作用,并结合工厂企业的技术实际,提出来具体对策和措施。     

Origin of major ions in monthly rainfall events at the Bamenda Highlands, North West Cameroon

Rainwater characteristics can reveal emissions from various anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly rainfall events （collected between January and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, Ndop plain, Ndawara and Kumbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were investigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability of the rainwater for drinking. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly acidic nature of the rainwater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order K＋ 〉 Ca2＋ 〉 Mg2~ 〉 Na＋ for cations and NO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The average rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/Na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that N a＋ and CI originated mainly from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to Na＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The K＋/Na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation ash （2.38）, and NO3 was essentially from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon convective rains were enriched in major ions than the heavy （〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low convective showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.     

Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well.     

乙酰胺低共熔离子液体吸收SO_2的研究

制备了3种乙酰胺-无机盐类低共熔离子液体,测定了其物理性质并将其应用于SO2气体的吸收。结果表明,这些低共熔离子液体具有和传统离子液体相似的性质,例如熔点低、粘度低、密度高、电导率高以及较宽的液态范围。此类离子液体对SO2气体有较好的吸收能力,而且吸收量和温度的关系满足二次多项式方程。红外光谱结果表明吸收是可逆的,回收的离子液体可高效重复使用至少5次。乙酰胺-硫氰酸钠(3∶1)对SO2的质量分数吸收量为0.554 g/g(20℃,1 atm),具有吸收量高、成本低和易回收的优势,是一个很有前景的SO2吸收剂。